לָכֵ֗ן כֹּ֤ה אָמַר֙ אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהוִ֔ה יַ֛עַן הֱיֹ֥ות כֻּלְּכֶ֖ם לְסִגִ֑ים לָכֵן֙ הִנְנִ֣י קֹבֵ֣ץ אֶתְכֶ֔ם אֶל־תֹּ֖וךְ יְרוּשָׁלִָֽם׃
Therefore, thus says the Lord YHWH: ‘Because all of you have become as dross, therefore behold, I am gathering you into the midst of Yerushalayim.
Morphology
- לָכֵן (laken) – Root: particle; Form: Adverbial particle; Translation: “therefore”; Notes: Introduces a judgment conclusion.
- כֹּה (koh) – Form: Demonstrative adverb; Translation: “thus”; Notes: Standard formula in prophetic speech introducing divine words.
- אָמַר (ʾamar) – Root: אמר (ʾamar); Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “has said”; Notes: Refers to the authoritative speech of YHWH.
- אֲדֹנָי (ʾadonai) – Root: אדן (ʾadon); Form: Noun with pronominal suffix (1st person singular, plene spelling); Translation: “my Lord”; Notes: Title of divine authority, paired with YHWH.
- יְהוִה (YHWH) – Root: היה (hayah); Form: Proper divine name; Translation: “YHWH”; Notes: The covenant name of the God of Yisraʾel.
- יַעַן (yaʿan) – Root: particle; Form: Causal particle; Translation: “because”; Notes: Provides the reason for judgment.
- הֱיֹות (heyot) – Root: היה (hayah); Form: Qal infinitive construct; Translation: “being”; Notes: Functions substantively, “because of being.”
- כֻּלְּכֶם (kulkhem) – Root: כל (kol); Form: Noun “all” with 2nd person masculine plural suffix; Translation: “all of you”; Notes: Emphasizes the collective corruption of the people.
- לְסִגִים (le-sigim) – Root: סוג (sig); Form: Preposition לְ + plural noun masculine; Translation: “as dross”; Notes: Figurative for impurities, waste of silver smelting.
- לָכֵן (laken) – Form: Adverbial particle repeated; Translation: “therefore”; Notes: Repeated for emphasis of consequence.
- הִנְנִי (hineni) – Form: Particle of attention + 1st person common singular pronoun; Translation: “behold, I”; Notes: Strong marker of divine resolve.
- קֹבֵץ (qovets) – Root: קבץ (qavats); Form: Qal participle masculine singular; Translation: “am gathering”; Notes: Present/future sense of imminent divine action.
- אֶתְכֶם (ʾetkhem) – Root: את (ʾet); Form: Direct object marker with 2nd person masculine plural suffix; Translation: “you”; Notes: Refers to the people of Yisraʾel.
- אֶל (ʾel) – Root: אל (ʾel); Form: Preposition; Translation: “into / toward”; Notes: Marks the destination of the gathering.
- תֹּוךְ (tokh) – Root: תוך (tokh); Form: Noun masculine singular absolute; Translation: “midst”; Notes: Used spatially for the inner part of the city.
- יְרוּשָׁלִָם (Yerushalayim) – Root: proper noun; Form: Proper name, feminine singular; Translation: “Yerushalayim”; Notes: Refers to the capital city of Yisraʾel, focal point of divine judgment.