Ezekiel 27:19

וְדָ֤ן וְיָוָן֙ מְאוּזָּ֔ל בְּעִזְבֹונַ֖יִךְ נָתָ֑נּוּ בַּרְזֶ֤ל עָשֹׁות֙ קִדָּ֣ה וְקָנֶ֔ה בְּמַעֲרָבֵ֖ךְ הָיָֽה׃

And Dan and Yawan from Uzzal gave in your merchandise wrought iron, cassia, and cane; they were in your market.

Morphology

1. וְדָן (ve-Dan) – Root: דן (Dan); Form: Conjunction וְ + proper noun; Translation: “and Dan”; Notes: Refers either to the Israelite tribe of Dan or possibly a distant trading region associated with maritime commerce.
2. וְיָוָן (ve-Yawan) – Root: יון (Yawan); Form: Conjunction וְ + proper noun; Translation: “and Yawan”; Notes: Refers to Ionia (Greece), representing Greek maritime traders active in Near Eastern trade.
3. מְאוּזָּל (me-ʾuzzal) – Root: אוזל (ʾuzzal); Form: Preposition מִן (assimilated) + proper noun; Translation: “from Uzzal”; Notes: Refers to a location in southern Arabia (possibly modern Sana’a, Yemen), known for its trade in spices and precious goods.
4. בְּעִזְבֹונַיִךְ (be-ʿizvonayikh) – Root: עֶזְבּוֹן (ʿezvon); Form: Preposition בְּ + noun masculine plural construct + suffix 2nd person feminine singular; Translation: “in your merchandise”; Notes: Refers to Tyre’s inventory of traded goods and wares.
5. נָתָנוּ (natanu) – Root: נתן (natan); Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “they gave”; Notes: Describes the act of contributing goods to Tyre’s commercial exchange.
6. בַּרְזֶל (barzel) – Root: ברזל (barzel); Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “iron”; Notes: Indicates one of the key traded commodities, often in the form of tools or weapons.
7. עָשֹׁות (ʿasot) – Root: עשׂה (ʿasah); Form: Noun feminine plural; Translation: “wrought” or “manufactured goods”; Notes: Suggests refined or crafted items of iron, emphasizing processed merchandise.
8. קִדָּה (qiddah) – Root: קדה (qiddah); Form: Noun feminine singular; Translation: “cassia”; Notes: A fragrant spice derived from bark, similar to cinnamon, imported from Arabia or India.
9. וְקָנֶה (ve-qaneh) – Root: קנה (qaneh); Form: Conjunction וְ + noun masculine singular; Translation: “and cane”; Notes: Refers to aromatic reed, possibly calamus or sugarcane, used in perfumes or incense.
10. בְּמַעֲרָבֵךְ (be-maʿaravekh) – Root: ערב (ʿarav); Form: Preposition בְּ + noun masculine plural construct + suffix 2nd person feminine singular; Translation: “in your market”; Notes: Denotes Tyre’s trading exchange or marketplace where these goods were bartered.
11. הָיָה (hayah) – Root: היה (hayah); Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “was”; Notes: Functions here as a copula, affirming that these items were part of Tyre’s commerce.