אַלּוֹנִים֙ מִבָּשָׁ֔ן עָשׂ֖וּ מִשּׁוֹטָ֑יִךְ קַרְשֵׁ֤ךְ עָשׂוּ־שֵׁן֙ בַּת־אֲשֻׁרִ֔ים מֵאִיֵּ֖י כִּתִּיִּֽם׃
* כ כתים
* ק כתיים
Oaks from Bashan they made your oars; your deck they made of ivory inlaid in boxwood from the coasts of Kittiyim.
Morphology
- אַלּוֹנִים (allonim) – Root: אלון (allon); Form: Noun masculine plural; Translation: “oaks”; Notes: Denotes strong oak wood, valued for its durability in shipbuilding.
- מִבָּשָׁן (mi-Bashan) – Root: בשׁן (Bashan); Form: Preposition מִן + proper noun; Translation: “from Bashan”; Notes: Refers to the fertile region east of the Jordan known for rich forests.
- עָשׂוּ (ʿasu) – Root: עשׂה (ʿasah); Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “they made”; Notes: Refers to the craftsmen’s work constructing Tyre’s ships.
- מִשּׁוֹטָיִךְ (mi-shotayikh) – Root: שוט (shot); Form: Preposition מִן + noun masculine plural construct + suffix 2nd person feminine singular; Translation: “your oars”; Notes: The plural with suffix indicates possession; metaphorically describing Tyre’s maritime strength.
- קַרְשֵׁךְ (karshikh) – Root: קרשׁ (keresh); Form: Noun masculine singular construct + suffix 2nd person feminine singular; Translation: “your deck / plankwork”; Notes: Refers to the ship’s structure or deck area.
- עָשׂוּ־שֵׁן (ʿasu-shen) – Root: עשׂה (ʿasah) / שׁן (shen); Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine plural + direct object noun masculine singular; Translation: “they made of ivory”; Notes: Ivory symbolizes luxury and opulence, likely used for decorative inlay.
- בַּת־אֲשֻׁרִים (bat-ashurim) – Root: בת (bat) / אשׁור (ashur); Form: Noun feminine singular construct + noun masculine plural; Translation: “in boxwood”; Notes: “Bat-ashurim” literally means “daughter of box-trees,” an idiom for boxwood planks or inlaid panels.
- מֵאִיֵּי (me-iyyei) – Root: אי (ʾiy); Form: Preposition מִן + noun masculine plural construct; Translation: “from the coasts / islands of”; Notes: Indicates maritime origins of the materials used in Tyre’s ship construction.
- כִּתִּיִּם (Kittiyim) – Root: כִּתִּים (Kittim); Form: Proper noun plural; Translation: “Kittim”; Notes: Refers to the inhabitants of Cyprus or nearby Mediterranean isles known for trade in luxury goods.