לָכֵ֗ן כֹּֽה־אָמַר֮ אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהוִה֒ אִם־֠לֹא בְּאֵ֨שׁ קִנְאָתִ֥י דִבַּ֛רְתִּי עַל־שְׁאֵרִ֥ית הַגֹּויִ֖ם וְעַל־אֱדֹ֣ום כֻּלָּ֑א אֲשֶׁ֣ר נָתְנֽוּ־אֶת־אַרְצִ֣י לָ֠הֶם לְמֹ֨ורָשָׁ֜ה בְּשִׂמְחַ֤ת כָּל־לֵבָב֙ בִּשְׁאָ֣ט נֶ֔פֶשׁ לְמַ֥עַן מִגְרָשָׁ֖הּ לָבַֽז׃
Therefore, thus says the Lord YHWH: “Surely in the fire of my jealousy I have spoken against the remnant of the nations and against all Edom, who gave my land to themselves for a possession with the joy of all heart, with contempt of soul, to make its open land a prey.”
Morphology
- לָכֵן (lakhen) – Root: כן (ken); Form: Adverb; Translation: “Therefore”; Notes: Introduces a conclusion or divine consequence.
- כֹּה־אָמַר (koh-ʾamar) – Root: אמר (ʾamar); Form: Particle “thus” + Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “thus says”; Notes: Standard formula introducing a divine oracle.
- אֲדֹנָי (Adonai) – Root: אדן (ʾadon); Form: Noun masculine plural of majesty; Translation: “my Lord”; Notes: A title denoting divine sovereignty.
- יְהוִה (YHWH) – Root: היה (hayah); Form: Proper divine name; Translation: “YHWH”; Notes: The covenantal name of Israel’s God.
- אִם־לֹא (ʾim-lo) – Root: —; Form: Conditional particle + negative particle; Translation: “Surely”; Notes: Used as an oath formula meaning “truly” or “indeed.”
- בְּאֵשׁ (be-ʾesh) – Root: אשׁ (ʾesh); Form: Preposition בְּ + noun feminine singular; Translation: “in the fire”; Notes: Symbolic of divine wrath and passion.
- קִנְאָתִי (qinʾati) – Root: קנא (qanaʾ); Form: Noun feminine singular + suffix 1st person singular; Translation: “my jealousy”; Notes: Expresses YHWH’s zealous indignation on behalf of His land.
- דִבַּרְתִּי (dibarti) – Root: דבר (davar); Form: Piel perfect 1st person singular; Translation: “I have spoken”; Notes: Indicates decisive divine pronouncement in intensified (Piel) form.
- עַל־שְׁאֵרִית (ʿal-sheʾerit) – Root: שׁאר (shaʾar); Form: Preposition עַל + noun feminine singular construct; Translation: “against the remnant of”; Notes: Refers to the remaining nations surrounding Yisraʾel.
- הַגֹּויִם (ha-goyim) – Root: גוי (goy); Form: Definite noun masculine plural; Translation: “the nations”; Notes: Denotes Gentile nations in opposition to Yisraʾel.
- וְעַל־אֱדֹום (ve-ʿal-ʾedom) – Root: אדום (ʾedom); Form: Conjunction וְ + preposition עַל + proper noun; Translation: “and against Edom”; Notes: A specific nation historically hostile to Yisraʾel.
- כֻּלָּא (kulla) – Root: כל (kol); Form: Noun masculine singular with emphatic ending; Translation: “all of it”; Notes: Emphasizes totality of Edom’s judgment.
- אֲשֶׁר (ʾasher) – Root: —; Form: Relative pronoun; Translation: “who”; Notes: Introduces the relative clause explaining Edom’s offense.
- נָתְנוּ (natnu) – Root: נתן (natan); Form: Qal perfect 3rd person plural; Translation: “they gave”; Notes: Indicates the act of taking possession and assigning territory.
- אֶת־ (ʾet) – Root: —; Form: Direct object marker; Translation: —; Notes: Marks the following noun “my land” as the direct object of the verb.
- אַרְצִי (artsi) – Root: ארץ (ʾerets); Form: Noun feminine singular + suffix 1st person singular; Translation: “my land”; Notes: Refers to YHWH’s covenantal land belonging to Him.
- לָהֶם (la-hem) – Root: —; Form: Preposition לְ + pronominal suffix 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “to themselves”; Notes: Indicates self-directed possession.
- לְמֹורָשָׁה (le-morashah) – Root: ירשׁ (yarash); Form: Preposition לְ + noun feminine singular; Translation: “for a possession”; Notes: Expresses intent of inheritance or permanent taking.
- בְּשִׂמְחַת (be-simḥat) – Root: שׂמח (samach); Form: Preposition בְּ + noun feminine singular construct; Translation: “with the joy of”; Notes: Indicates emotional attitude accompanying the act.
- כָּל־לֵבָב (kol-levav) – Root: לבב (levav); Form: Noun masculine singular construct preceded by “all”; Translation: “all heart”; Notes: Expresses full and total delight in wrongdoing.
- בִּשְׁאָט (bi-shaʾat) – Root: שׁאט (shaʾat); Form: Preposition בְּ + noun masculine singular; Translation: “with contempt”; Notes: Denotes arrogant disdain or scorn.
- נֶפֶשׁ (nefesh) – Root: נפשׁ (nefesh); Form: Noun feminine singular; Translation: “soul”; Notes: Represents the inner being, emphasizing emotional contempt.
- לְמַעַן (le-maʿan) – Root: —; Form: Preposition; Translation: “in order to”; Notes: Introduces purpose or result clause.
- מִגְרָשָׁהּ (migreshah) – Root: גרשׁ (garash); Form: Noun masculine singular + suffix 3rd person feminine singular; Translation: “its open land”; Notes: Refers to the outskirts or pasture land belonging to the city or land.
- לָבַז (la-vaz) – Root: בז (baz); Form: Preposition לְ + noun masculine singular; Translation: “for a prey”; Notes: Indicates purpose—to plunder or take spoil.