Ezekiel 4:13

וַיֹּ֣אמֶר יְהוָ֔ה כָּ֣כָה יֹאכְל֧וּ בְנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֛ל אֶת־לַחְמָ֖ם טָמֵ֑א בַּגֹּויִ֕ם אֲשֶׁ֥ר אַדִּיחֵ֖ם שָֽׁם׃

And YHWH said, “Thus shall the sons of Yisraʾel eat their bread unclean among the nations where I will drive them.”

Morphology

1. וַיֹּאמֶר (va-yomer) – Root: אמר; Form: Qal wayyiqtol (narrative past) 3ms; Translation: “and he said”; Notes: Standard narrative verb introducing divine speech.
2. יְהוָה (YHWH) – Root: הוה; Form: Proper noun; Translation: “YHWH”; Notes: The divine name, covenant God of Yisraʾel.
3. כָּכָה (kakhah) – Root: כה; Form: Demonstrative adverb; Translation: “thus”; Notes: Introduces symbolic correspondence.
4. יֹאכְלוּ (yoʾkhelu) – Root: אכל; Form: Qal imperfect 3mp; Translation: “they shall eat”; Notes: Future prediction of Yisraʾel’s experience.
5. בְנֵי (benei) – Root: בן; Form: Noun masculine plural construct; Translation: “sons of”; Notes: Collective reference to members of Yisraʾel.
6. יִשְׂרָאֵל (Yisraʾel) – Root: שׂרה + אל; Form: Proper noun; Translation: “Yisraʾel”; Notes: Refers to the covenant people.
7. אֶת־ (ʾet) – Root: את; Form: Direct object marker; Translation: —; Notes: Marks the definite object “their bread.”
8. לַחְמָם (laḥmam) – Root: לחם; Form: Noun masculine singular “bread” + 3mp suffix; Translation: “their bread”; Notes: Symbolic of basic sustenance.
9. טָמֵא (tameʾ) – Root: טמא; Form: Adjective masculine singular; Translation: “unclean”; Notes: Ritual impurity, emphasizing defilement.
10. בַּגֹּויִם (ba-goyim) – Root: גוי; Form: Preposition + definite noun masculine plural; Translation: “among the nations”; Notes: Refers to foreign peoples where Yisraʾel would be exiled.
11. אֲשֶׁר (ʾasher) – Root: אשר; Form: Relative particle; Translation: “where/that”; Notes: Introduces relative clause modifying “nations.”
12. אַדִּיחֵם (addiḥem) – Root: נוד / דוח; Form: Hiphil imperfect 1cs + 3mp suffix; Translation: “I will drive them”; Notes: Expresses YHWH’s active dispersal of His people.
13. שָׁם (sham) – Root: שם; Form: Adverb; Translation: “there”; Notes: Indicates the place of exile and defilement.