אֹ֣רֶךְ הָאֻלָ֞ם עֶשְׂרִ֣ים אַמָּ֗ה וְרֹ֨חַב֙ עַשְׁתֵּ֣י עֶשְׂרֵ֣ה אַמָּ֔ה וּבַֽמַּעֲלֹ֔ות אֲשֶׁ֥ר יַעֲל֖וּ אֵלָ֑יו וְעַמֻּדִים֙ אֶל־הָ֣אֵילִ֔ים אֶחָ֥ד מִפֹּ֖ה וְאֶחָ֥ד מִפֹּֽה׃
The length of the porch was twenty cubits, and the width eleven cubits; and by the steps by which they went up to it, there were pillars beside the posts, one on this side and one on that side.
Morphology
- אֹרֶךְ (ʾorekh) – Root: ארך (ʾ-r-k); Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “length”; Notes: Denotes the longitudinal dimension of the porch.
- הָאֻלָם (ha-ʾulam) – Root: אולם (ʾ-w-l-m); Form: Definite noun masculine singular; Translation: “the porch”; Notes: Refers to the vestibule or front hall before the sanctuary.
- עֶשְׂרִים (ʿesrim) – Root: עשרים (ʿ-ś-r); Form: Numeral; Translation: “twenty”; Notes: Gives the length of the porch in cubits.
- אַמָּה (ʾammah) – Root: אמה (ʾ-m-h); Form: Noun feminine singular; Translation: “cubit”; Notes: A standard ancient Near Eastern unit of measure, roughly 45–52 cm.
- וְרֹחַב (ve-roḥav) – Root: רחב (r-ḥ-b); Form: Conjunction וְ + noun masculine singular; Translation: “and the width”; Notes: Introduces the transverse measurement of the structure.
- עַשְׁתֵּי (ʿashtei) – Root: עשר (ʿ-ś-r); Form: Numeral construct form of “eleven”; Translation: “eleven”; Notes: Used in compound numeral forms before another numeral.
- עֶשְׂרֵה (ʿesreh) – Root: עשר (ʿ-ś-r); Form: Numeral feminine singular; Translation: “eleven”; Notes: Completes the expression “eleven cubits.”
- אַמָּה (ʾammah) – Root: אמה (ʾ-m-h); Form: Noun feminine singular; Translation: “cubit”; Notes: Measurement of the porch’s width.
- וּבַמַּעֲלוֹת (u-va-maʿalot) – Root: עלה (ʿ-l-h); Form: Conjunction וְ + preposition בְּ + definite plural noun feminine; Translation: “and by the steps”; Notes: Refers to the stairway ascending to the porch.
- אֲשֶׁר (ʾasher) – Root: —; Form: Relative pronoun; Translation: “which / that”; Notes: Introduces the subordinate clause describing the ascent.
- יַעֲלוּ (yaʿalu) – Root: עלה (ʿ-l-h); Form: Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “they go up / ascend”; Notes: Describes the act of approaching the porch via stairs.
- אֵלָיו (elav) – Root: אל (ʾ-l); Form: Preposition אֶל + suffix 3ms; Translation: “to it”; Notes: Refers to ascending toward the porch itself.
- וְעַמֻּדִים (ve-ʿammudim) – Root: עמד (ʿ-m-d); Form: Conjunction וְ + noun masculine plural; Translation: “and pillars”; Notes: Denotes vertical architectural supports flanking the entrance.
- אֶל־הָאֵילִים (el-ha-ʾelim) – Root: איל (ʾ-y-l); Form: Preposition אֶל + definite plural noun masculine; Translation: “beside the posts”; Notes: Refers to the doorposts or column bases associated with the entrance structure.
- אֶחָד (ʾeḥad) – Root: אחד (ʾ-ḥ-d); Form: Numeral masculine singular; Translation: “one”; Notes: Indicates symmetry of the paired pillars.
- מִפֹּה (mippo) – Root: פה (p-h); Form: Preposition מִן + adverb of place; Translation: “on this side”; Notes: Specifies location of the first pillar.
- וְאֶחָד (ve-ʾeḥad) – Root: אחד (ʾ-ḥ-d); Form: Conjunction וְ + numeral masculine singular; Translation: “and one”; Notes: Indicates the second pillar placed opposite the first.
- מִפֹּה (mippo) – Root: פה (p-h); Form: Preposition מִן + adverb of place; Translation: “on that side”; Notes: Completes the description of the balanced architectural arrangement.