ויאמר אלהים יהי מארת ברקיע השמים להאיר על הארץ להבדיל בין היום ובין הלילה והיו לאתות ולמועדים ולימים ושנים׃
* Witnesses for להאיר על הארץ : MS 776 of Kennicott, Samaritan Pentateuch, Samaritan Targum (למנהרה על ארעה), Septuagint (εἰς φαῦσιν ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς), Vetus Latina (ut luceant super terram)
Witnesses for omission of להאיר על הארץ : Peshitta, Targum Onkelos, Targum Jonathan, Targum Neofiti, Vulgate
* לאתות instead of לאתת (Masoretic) see לאתות in Isaiah 8:18.
Gen 1:14 [Samaritan]
ויאמר אלהים יהי מאורות ברקיע השמים להאיר על הארץ ולהבדיל בין היום ובין הלילה והיו לאתות ולמועדים ולימים ושנים׃
And Elohim said, “Let there be lights in the firmament of the heaven to shine on the earth and to divide the day from the night, and let them be for signs, and for seasons, and for days, and years.
Gen 1:14 [Masoretic]
וַיֹּאמֶר אֱלֹהִים יְהִי מְאֹרֹת בִּרְקִיעַ הַשָּׁמַיִם לְהַבְדִּיל בֵּין הַיֹּום וּבֵין הַלָּיְלָה וְהָיוּ לְאֹתֹת וּלְמֹועֲדִים וּלְיָמִים וְשָׁנִֽים׃
And Elohim said, “Let there be lights in the firmament of the heaven to divide the day from the night, and let them be for signs, and for seasons, and for days, and years.
Gen 1:14 [Targum Onkelos]
וַאֲמַר יְיָ יְהוֹן נְהוֹרִין בִּרְקִיעָא דִּשְׁמַיָּא לְאַפְרָשָׁא בֵּין יְמָמָא וּבֵין לֵילְיָא וִיהוֹן לְאָתִין וּלְזִמְנִין וּלְמִמְנֵי בְּהוֹן יוֹמִין וּשְׁנִין:
And YeYa said, “Let there be lights in the firmament of the heaven, to separate between the day and the night, and let them be for signs and for times, for the numbering of days and years.
Gen 1:14 [Samaritan Targum]
ואמר אלהה יהי נהירין בפלוק שומיה למנהרה על ארעה ולמפרק בין יומה ובין לילי ויונו לסימנין ולעדנין וליומים ושנק:
And Elaha said, “Let there be lights in the firmament of the heaven to shine upon the earth, and to separate between the day and the night, and let them be for signs and for times, for the numbering of days and years.
Gen 1:14 [Peshitta]
ܘܐܡܼܪ ܐܠܗܐ܂ ܢܗܘܘܢ ܢܗܝܪ̈ܐ ܒܪܩܝܥܐ ܕܫܡܝܐ܂ ܠܡܦܪܫ ܒܝܬ ܐܝܡܡܐ ܠܠܠܝܐ ܘܢܗܘܘܢ ܠܐܬ̈ܘܬܐ ܘܠܙܒ̈ܢܐ܂ ܘܠܝ̈ܘܡܬܐ ܘܠܫ̈ܢܝܐ܂
And Alaha said, “Let there be lights in the firmament of the heaven to separate the day from the night, and let them be for signs, and for seasons, and for days, and years.
Gen 1:14 [Septuagint]
Καὶ εἶπεν ὁ Θεός· Γενηθήτωσαν φωστῆρες ἐν τῷ στερεώματι τοῦ οὐρανοῦ εἰς φαῦσιν ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς, καὶ ἄρχειν τῆς ἡμέρας καὶ τῆς νυκτὸς καὶ διαχωρίζειν ἀνὰ μέσον τῆς ἡμέρας καὶ ἀνὰ μέσον τῆς νυκτὸς· καὶ ἔστωσαν εἰς σημεῖα καὶ εἰς καιροὺς καὶ εἰς ἡμέρας καὶ εἰς ἐνιαυτοὺς·
And God said, “Let there be lights in the firmament of the heaven to give light upon the earth, and to rule the day and the night and to divide between day and night, and let them be for signs and for seasons and for days and for years;
Gen 1:14 [Aquila of Sinope]
γενεσθωσαν for Hebrew יהי ; LXX γενηθήτωσαν.
μεταξυ for Hebrew בין ; LXX ἀνὰ μέσον.
Gen 1:14 [Old Latin]
Et dixit Deus : Fiant luminaria in firmamento coeli, ut luceant super terram, in inchoationem diei et noctis, et ut dividant inter diem et noctem, et sint in signa, et tempora, et in dies, et in annos.
And God said, “Let there be lights in the firmament of heaven, to shine on earth, to begin the day and the night, and to divide between day and night, let them be for signs, and seasons, and for days and for years.
Gen 1:14 [Vulgate]
Dixit autem Deus : Fiant luminaria in firmamento caeli, et dividant diem ac noctem, et sint in signa et tempora, et dies et annos.
And God said, “Let there be lights in the firmament of heaven, to divide the day and the night, and let them be for signs, and seasons, and days and years.
וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֱלֹהִ֗ים יְהִ֤י מְאֹרֹת֙ בִּרְקִ֣יעַ הַשָּׁמַ֔יִם לְהַבְדִּ֕יל בֵּ֥ין הַיֹּ֖ום וּבֵ֣ין הַלָּ֑יְלָה וְהָי֤וּ לְאֹתֹת֙ וּלְמֹ֣ועֲדִ֔ים וּלְיָמִ֖ים וְשָׁנִֽים׃
And God said, “Let there be lights in the expanse of the heavens to separate between the day and the night, and let them be for signs, for appointed times, and for days and years.”
Morphology
- וַיֹּ֣אמֶר (vayomer) – Root: אמר (ʾ-m-r); Form: Verb, Qal, Imperfect, 3ms, with vav consecutive; Translation: “And he said”; Notes: Indicates divine speech.
- אֱלֹהִ֗ים (ʾElohim) – Root: אלוה (ʾ-l-h); Form: Noun, masculine plural; Translation: “God”; Notes: Plural form with singular meaning, referring to the Creator.
- יְהִ֤י (yehi) – Root: היה (h-y-h); Form: Verb, Qal, Imperfect, 3ms, Jussive; Translation: “Let there be”; Notes: A command form expressing the act of creation.
- מְאֹרֹת֙ (me’orot) – Root: מאור (m-ʾ-w-r); Form: Noun, masculine plural; Translation: “lights”; Notes: Refers to luminous bodies in the heavens.
- בִּרְקִ֣יעַ (birqiʿa) – Root: רקיע (r-q-ʿ); Form: Noun, masculine singular, with preposition; Translation: “in the expanse”; Notes: The firmament separating the waters.
- הַשָּׁמַ֔יִם (hashamayim) – Root: שמים (sh-m-y-m); Form: Noun, masculine plural, definite; Translation: “the heavens”; Notes: Refers to the sky or the firmament above.
- לְהַבְדִּ֕יל (le-havdil) – Root: בדל (b-d-l); Form: Verb, Hifil, Infinitive Construct, with preposition; Translation: “to separate”; Notes: Indicates the purpose of the lights in creating distinctions.
- בֵּ֥ין (bein) – Root: בין (b-y-n); Form: Preposition; Translation: “between”; Notes: Marks distinction or separation.
- הַיֹּ֖ום (hayom) – Root: יום (y-w-m); Form: Noun, masculine singular, definite; Translation: “the day”; Notes: Refers to the daylight period.
- וּבֵ֣ין (uvein) – Root: בין (b-y-n); Form: Preposition with conjunction; Translation: “and between”; Notes: Introduces the second item in the separation.
- הַלָּ֑יְלָה (hallayla) – Root: לילה (l-y-l-h); Form: Noun, masculine singular, definite; Translation: “the night”; Notes: Refers to the period of darkness.
- וְהָי֤וּ (vehayu) – Root: היה (h-y-h); Form: Verb, Qal, Perfect, 3cp, with vav consecutive; Translation: “and let them be”; Notes: Describes the purpose of the lights.
- לְאֹתֹת֙ (le’otot) – Root: אות (ʾ-w-t); Form: Noun, masculine plural, with preposition; Translation: “for signs”; Notes: Refers to celestial markers for significant events.
- וּלְמֹ֣ועֲדִ֔ים (ulmo’adim) – Root: מועד (m-ʿ-d); Form: Noun, masculine plural, with conjunction and preposition; Translation: “and for appointed times”; Notes: Refers to designated seasons or festivals.
- וּלְיָמִ֖ים (ulyamim) – Root: יום (y-w-m); Form: Noun, masculine plural, with conjunction and preposition; Translation: “and for days”; Notes: Designates the passage of time.
- וְשָׁנִֽים (veshanim) – Root: שנה (sh-n-h); Form: Noun, feminine plural, with conjunction; Translation: “and years”; Notes: Refers to the larger divisions of time.
Critical Apparatus :
De Rossi Gen 1:14