Isaiah 1:12

כִּ֣י תָבֹ֔אוּ לֵרָאֹ֖ות פָּנָ֑י מִי־בִקֵּ֥שׁ זֹ֛את מִיֶּדְכֶ֖ם רְמֹ֥ס חֲצֵרָֽי׃

When you come to appear before Me, who has required this from your hand—trampling My courts?

Morphology

1. כִּי (ki) – Root: כי; Form: Conjunction; Translation: “when” or “because”; Notes: Temporal clause introducing divine rebuke.
2. תָבֹאוּ (tavoʾu) – Root: בוא; Form: Qal imperfect 2nd person masculine plural; Translation: “you come”; Notes: Refers to the people’s appearance in the sanctuary.
3. לֵרָאֹות (le-raʾot) – Root: ראה; Form: Infinitive construct with preposition לְ; Translation: “to appear”; Notes: Lit. “to see My face,” idiomatically “to appear before Me.”
4. פָּנָי (panai) – Root: פנים; Form: Noun masculine plural with 1st person singular suffix; Translation: “My face”; Notes: Refers to God’s presence in the temple.
5. מִי (mi) – Root: מי; Form: Interrogative pronoun; Translation: “who”; Notes: Initiates the rhetorical question.
6. בִקֵּשׁ (biqqesh) – Root: בקש; Form: Piel perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “has required” or “has sought”; Notes: Expresses divine disapproval of unwanted ritual behavior.
7. זֹאת (zoʾt) – Root: זה; Form: Demonstrative pronoun feminine singular; Translation: “this”; Notes: Refers to their ritualistic trampling of the courts.
8. מִיֶּדְכֶם (mi-yedkhem) – Root: יד; Form: Preposition מִן + noun feminine singular construct with 2nd person masculine plural suffix; Translation: “from your hand”; Notes: Suggests personal responsibility for the offense.
9. רְמֹס (remos) – Root: רמס; Form: Qal infinitive absolute; Translation: “trampling”; Notes: Infinitive used for emphasis—aggressive, meaningless ritual activity.
10. חֲצֵרָי (ḥatserai) – Root: חצר; Form: Noun feminine plural with 1st person singular suffix; Translation: “My courts”; Notes: Refers to the temple courts, profaned by ritual without righteousness.