Isaiah 11:14

וְעָפ֨וּ בְכָתֵ֤ף פְּלִשְׁתִּים֙ יָ֔מָּה יַחְדָּ֖ו יָבֹ֣זּוּ אֶת־בְּנֵי־קֶ֑דֶם אֱדֹ֤ום וּמֹואָב֙ מִשְׁלֹ֣וח יָדָ֔ם וּבְנֵ֥י עַמֹּ֖ון מִשְׁמַעְתָּֽם׃

And they shall swoop down upon the shoulder of the Pelishtim to the west; together they shall plunder the children of Qedem. Edom and Moʾav shall be the sending forth of their hand, and the children of ʿAmmon their obedience.

Morphology

1. וְעָפוּ (ve-ʿafu) – Root: עוף (ʿuf); Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine plural with conjunctive vav; Translation: “And they shall swoop down”; Notes: Implies sudden or rapid movement, often used metaphorically for attack.
2. בְכָתֵף (be-katef) – Root: כתף (katef); Form: Preposition + noun feminine singular; Translation: “upon the shoulder of”; Notes: Symbolic for edge, flank, or border region.
3. פְּלִשְׁתִּים (Pelishtim) – Root: Proper noun; Form: Proper name masculine plural; Translation: “the Pelishtim”; Notes: Coastal enemies of Yisraʾel; Philistines.
4. יָמָּה (yammah) – Root: ים (yam); Form: Noun masculine singular with directional he; Translation: “to the west”; Notes: Literally “toward the sea,” which lies west of Yisraʾel.
5. יַחְדָּו (yaḥdav) – Root: יחד (yaḥad); Form: Adverb; Translation: “together”; Notes: Indicates unified action.
6. יָבֹזּוּ (yavozzu) – Root: בזז (bazaz); Form: Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “they shall plunder”; Notes: Conveys conquest and taking of spoils.
7. אֶת־בְּנֵי־קֶדֶם (et-benei-Qedem) – Root: בן (ben) + קדם (Qedem); Form: Direct object marker + construct plural noun + proper noun; Translation: “the children of Qedem”; Notes: Refers to eastern tribes or peoples, often nomadic or from Arabia.
8. אֱדֹום (ʾEdom) – Root: Proper noun; Form: Proper name masculine singular; Translation: “Edom”; Notes: Nation south of Yehudah, descended from ʿEsav.
9. וּמֹואָב (u-Moʾav) – Root: Proper noun; Form: Conjunction + proper name; Translation: “and Moʾav”; Notes: Eastern neighbor of Yisraʾel, descendant of Lot.
10. מִשְׁלֹוח (mishloaḥ) – Root: שלח (shalaḥ); Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “sending forth”; Notes: Likely refers to subjugation or forced tribute.
11. יָדָם (yadam) – Root: יד (yad); Form: Noun feminine singular with 3rd person masculine plural suffix; Translation: “their hand”; Notes: Implies domination or control exercised by Yisraʾel.
12. וּבְנֵי עַמֹּון (u-venei ʿAmmon) – Root: בן (ben) + עמון (ʿAmmon); Form: Conjunction + construct plural noun + proper noun; Translation: “and the children of ʿAmmon”; Notes: Ancient neighbor east of Yarden, kin to Moʾav.
13. מִשְׁמַעְתָּם (mishmaʿtam) – Root: שמע (shamaʿ); Form: Noun feminine singular with 3rd person masculine plural suffix; Translation: “their obedience”; Notes: Indicates submission to authority or rule.