וְנִשְׁאַר־בֹּ֤ו עֹֽולֵלֹת֙ כְּנֹ֣קֶף זַ֔יִת שְׁנַ֧יִם שְׁלֹשָׁ֛ה גַּרְגְּרִ֖ים בְּרֹ֣אשׁ אָמִ֑יר אַרְבָּעָ֣ה חֲמִשָּׁ֗ה בִּסְעִפֶ֨יהָ֙ פֹּֽרִיָּ֔ה נְאֻם־יְהוָ֖ה אֱלֹהֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ ס
And gleanings shall remain in it, as in the beating of an olive tree—two or three berries on the top of the uppermost branch, four or five on its fruitful branches, declares YHWH, God of Yisraʾel.
Morphology
- וְנִשְׁאַר־בֹּו (ve-nishʾar-bo) – Root: שׁאר (shaʾar); Form: Nifal perfect 3rd person masculine singular + preposition + pronoun; Translation: “And there shall remain in it”; Notes: Refers to a remnant.
- עֹולֵלֹת (ʿolelot) – Root: עלל (ʿalal); Form: Noun feminine plural; Translation: “gleanings”; Notes: The few remaining fruits left after harvest.
- כְּנֹקֶף (ke-noqef) – Root: נקף (naqaf); Form: Preposition + Qal infinitive construct; Translation: “as in the beating”; Notes: Refers to the act of shaking olives from a tree.
- זַיִת (zayit) – Root: זית (zayit); Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “an olive tree”; Notes: A metaphor for what remains after judgment.
- שְׁנַיִם (shenayim) – Root: שׁנים (shenayim); Form: Cardinal number masculine dual; Translation: “two”; Notes: Counts the remaining olives.
- שְׁלֹשָׁה (sheloshah) – Root: שלשׁ (shalosh); Form: Cardinal number masculine singular; Translation: “three”; Notes: Continues the count.
- גַּרְגְּרִים (gargerim) – Root: גרגר (gargar); Form: Noun masculine plural; Translation: “berries”; Notes: Refers to olive fruits.
- בְּרֹאשׁ (be-rosh) – Root: ראשׁ (rosh); Form: Preposition + noun masculine singular; Translation: “at the top of”; Notes: Indicates the uppermost location.
- אָמִיר (ʾamir) – Root: אמר (ʾamar); Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “uppermost branch”; Notes: Used for the highest part of a tree.
- אַרְבָּעָה (arbaʿah) – Root: ארבע (arbaʿ); Form: Cardinal number masculine singular; Translation: “four”; Notes: Continues the enumeration.
- חֲמִשָּׁה (ḥamishah) – Root: חמשׁ (ḥamesh); Form: Cardinal number masculine singular; Translation: “five”; Notes: Also part of the count.
- בִּסְעִפֶיהָ (bisʿipeha) – Root: סעף (saʿaf); Form: Preposition + plural noun with 3rd person feminine singular suffix; Translation: “on its branches”; Notes: Refers to limbs of the tree.
- פֹּרִיָּה (poriyyah) – Root: פרה (parah); Form: Adjective feminine singular; Translation: “fruitful”; Notes: Describes the nature of the branches.
- נְאֻם־יְהוָה (neʾum-YHWH) – Root: נאם (naʾam); Form: Noun masculine singular construct + Tetragrammaton; Translation: “declares YHWH”; Notes: Prophetic declaration formula.
- אֱלֹהֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל (ʾElohei Yisraʾel) – Root: אלה (ʾelohim), ישראל (Yisraʾel); Form: Construct plural + proper noun; Translation: “God of Yisraʾel”; Notes: Titles YHWH as the national deity of Yisraʾel.