Isaiah 19:10

וְהָי֥וּ שָׁתֹתֶ֖יהָ מְדֻכָּאִ֑ים כָּל־עֹ֥שֵׂי שֶׂ֖כֶר אַגְמֵי־נָֽפֶשׁ׃

And her foundations shall be crushed; all who make wages shall be grieved in soul.

Morphology

1. וְהָיוּ (ve-hayu) – Root: היה; Form: Qal perfect 3rd person plural with vav-consecutive; Translation: “and they shall be”; Notes: Introduces the resulting state of the following subject.
2. שָׁתֹתֶיהָ (shatoteha) – Root: שׁית; Form: Noun feminine plural with 3rd person feminine singular suffix; Translation: “her foundations”; Notes: Refers metaphorically to economic or structural bases.
3. מְדֻכָּאִים (medukka’im) – Root: דכא; Form: Pual participle masculine plural; Translation: “crushed,” “broken”; Notes: Suggests total collapse or ruin.
4. כָּל־עֹשֵׂי (kol-ʿosei) – Root: עשה; Form: Noun + participle masculine plural construct; Translation: “all who make”; Notes: Refers to those who labor or earn wages.
5. שֶׂכֶר (sekher) – Root: שׂכר; Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “wages,” “profit”; Notes: Refers to compensation for labor or trade.
6. אַגְמֵי־נָפֶשׁ (agmei-nafesh) – Root: אגם, נפש; Form: Construct noun + noun feminine singular; Translation: “grieved in soul,” literally “pools of soul”; Notes: A poetic idiom expressing deep anguish or despair.