Isaiah 19:18

בַּיֹּ֣ום הַה֡וּא יִהְיוּ֩ חָמֵ֨שׁ עָרִ֜ים בְּאֶ֣רֶץ מִצְרַ֗יִם מְדַבְּרֹות֙ שְׂפַ֣ת כְּנַ֔עַן וְנִשְׁבָּעֹ֖ות לַיהוָ֣ה צְבָאֹ֑ות עִ֣יר הַהֶ֔רֶס יֵאָמֵ֖ר לְאֶחָֽת׃ ס

In that day there shall be five cities in the land of Mitsrayim speaking the language of Kenaʿan and swearing to YHWH of Hosts; one shall be called City of the Destruction.

 

Morphology

  1. בַּיֹּום (ba-yom) – Root: יום; Form: Preposition + definite noun masculine singular; Translation: “in the day”; Notes: Introduces a future prophetic event.
  2. הַהוּא (ha-hu) – Root: Demonstrative pronoun; Form: Masculine singular; Translation: “that”; Notes: Refers to a specific future time.
  3. יִהְיוּ (yihyu) – Root: היה; Form: Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “they shall be”; Notes: Main verb of the sentence.
  4. חָמֵשׁ (ḥamesh) – Root: חמש; Form: Cardinal number; Translation: “five”; Notes: Modifies “cities.”
  5. עָרִים (ʿarim) – Root: עיר; Form: Noun feminine plural; Translation: “cities”; Notes: Subject of the verb “shall be.”
  6. בְּאֶרֶץ מִצְרַיִם (be-ʾerets Mitsrayim) – Root: ארץ; Form: Preposition + noun feminine singular construct + proper noun; Translation: “in the land of Mitsrayim”; Notes: Specifies geographic location.
  7. מְדַבְּרֹות (medabberot) – Root: דבר; Form: Piel participle feminine plural; Translation: “speaking”; Notes: Describes the linguistic state of the cities.
  8. שְׂפַת כְּנַעַן (sefat Kenaʿan) – Root: שפה, כנען; Form: Construct phrase; Translation: “the language of Kenaʿan”; Notes: Refers to the Hebrew or a Semitic tongue.
  9. וְנִשְׁבָּעֹות (ve-nishbaʿot) – Root: שבע; Form: Nifal participle feminine plural; Translation: “swearing”; Notes: Denotes allegiance or oath-taking.
  10. לַיהוָה צְבָאֹות (la-YHWH tsevaʾot) – Root: צבא; Form: Preposition + divine name + construct noun; Translation: “to YHWH of Hosts”; Notes: Expresses religious commitment.
  11. עִיר הַהֶרֶס (ʿir ha-heʾres) – Root: עיר, הרס; Form: Noun construct; Translation: “City of the Destruction”; Notes: Possibly a pun or symbolic name indicating judgment or renewal.
  12. יֵאָמֵר (yeʾamer) – Root: אמר; Form: Nifal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “it shall be called”; Notes: Passive construction.
  13. לְאֶחָת (le-eḥat) – Root: אחד; Form: Preposition + numeral feminine singular; Translation: “to one,” “of one”; Notes: Refers to one of the five cities.

 

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