Isaiah 23:18

וְהָיָ֨ה סַחְרָ֜הּ וְאֶתְנַנָּ֗הּ קֹ֚דֶשׁ לַֽיהוָ֔ה לֹ֥א יֵֽאָצֵ֖ר וְלֹ֣א יֵֽחָסֵ֑ן כִּ֣י לַיֹּשְׁבִ֞ים לִפְנֵ֤י יְהוָה֙ יִֽהְיֶ֣ה סַחְרָ֔הּ לֶאֱכֹ֥ל לְשָׂבְעָ֖ה וְלִמְכַסֶּ֥ה עָתִֽיק׃ פ

And her merchandise and her hire shall be holiness to YHWH; it shall not be stored nor hoarded, for her merchandise shall be for those who dwell before YHWH, to eat to satisfaction and for fine covering.

 

Morphology

  1. וְהָיָ֨ה (ve-hayah) – Root: היה; Form: Qal wayyiqtol (consecutive imperfect) 3rd masculine singular; Translation: “And it shall be”; Notes: Introduces a future or prophetic statement.
  2. סַחְרָ֜הּ (saḥrah) – Root: סחר; Form: Noun, masculine singular with 3rd feminine singular suffix; Translation: “her merchandise”; Notes: Refers to commercial gain or trade.
  3. וְאֶתְנַנָּ֗הּ (ve-etnannah) – Root: אתן; Form: Noun, masculine singular with 3rd feminine singular suffix; Translation: “her hire”; Notes: Figurative of harlot’s wage or profit.
  4. קֹ֚דֶשׁ (qodesh) – Root: קדש; Form: Noun, masculine singular absolute; Translation: “holiness”; Notes: Refers to something consecrated to YHWH.
  5. לַֽיהוָ֔ה (la-YHWH) – Root: Divine name; Form: Preposition + proper noun with article; Translation: “to YHWH”; Notes: Indicates purpose or dedication.
  6. לֹ֥א (lo) – Root: לא; Form: Negative particle; Translation: “not”; Notes: Negates the following verbs.
  7. יֵֽאָצֵ֖ר (yeʾatser) – Root: אצר; Form: Niphal imperfect 3rd masculine singular; Translation: “it shall not be stored”; Notes: Passive nuance—cannot be kept in reserve.
  8. וְלֹ֣א (ve-lo) – Root: לא; Form: Conjunction + negative; Translation: “nor”; Notes: Continues negation of action.
  9. יֵֽחָסֵ֑ן (yeḥasen) – Root: חסן; Form: Niphal imperfect 3rd masculine singular; Translation: “it shall not be hoarded”; Notes: Passive—cannot be hidden away for riches.
  10. כִּ֣י (ki) – Root: כי; Form: Conjunction; Translation: “for”; Notes: Explains the purpose or reason.
  11. לַיֹּשְׁבִ֞ים (la-yoshvim) – Root: ישׁב; Form: Participle, masculine plural with preposition + article; Translation: “for the dwellers”; Notes: Those who reside or serve in YHWH’s presence.
  12. לִפְנֵ֤י (lifnei) – Root: פנה; Form: Preposition + construct noun; Translation: “before”; Notes: Idiomatic for standing in the presence of.
  13. יְהוָה֙ (YHWH) – Root: Divine name; Form: Proper noun; Translation: “YHWH”; Notes: The object of service and recipient of the dedication.
  14. יִֽהְיֶ֣ה (yihyeh) – Root: היה; Form: Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular; Translation: “shall be”; Notes: Future indicative verb.
  15. סַחְרָ֔הּ (saḥrah) – Root: סחר; Form: Noun, masculine singular with 3rd feminine singular suffix; Translation: “her merchandise”; Notes: Repeated from earlier for emphasis.
  16. לֶאֱכֹ֥ל (leʾekhol) – Root: אכל; Form: Infinitive construct with preposition; Translation: “to eat”; Notes: Purpose clause.
  17. לְשָׂבְעָ֖ה (le-sovʿah) – Root: שבע; Form: Noun, feminine singular with preposition; Translation: “to satisfaction”; Notes: Expresses abundance and sufficiency.
  18. וְלִמְכַסֶּ֥ה (ve-limkasseh) – Root: כסה; Form: Piel infinitive construct with preposition; Translation: “and for covering”; Notes: Emphasizes provision for clothing or dignity.
  19. עָתִֽיק (ʿatiq) – Root: עתק; Form: Adjective, masculine singular; Translation: “noble” or “dignified”; Notes: Possibly metaphorical for someone of high status.

 

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