צְוָחָ֥ה עַל־הַיַּ֖יִן בַּֽחוּצֹ֑ות עָֽרְבָה֙ כָּל־שִׂמְחָ֔ה גָּלָ֖ה מְשֹׂ֥ושׂ הָאָֽרֶץ׃
A cry over the wine is in the streets; all joy is darkened, the joy of the earth is exiled.
Morphology
- צְוָחָ֥ה (tsevakhah) – Root: צוח; Form: Qal perfect 3rd person feminine singular; Translation: “a cry”; Notes: Feminine form used impersonally here to describe loud wailing or outcry.
- עַל־הַיַּ֖יִן (ʿal-ha-yayin) – Root: יין; Form: Preposition עַל + definite noun masculine singular; Translation: “over the wine”; Notes: Mourning replaces celebration; wine, normally a symbol of joy, becomes the focus of lament.
- בַּֽחוּצֹ֑ות (ba-ḥutsot) – Root: חוץ; Form: Preposition בְּ + definite noun feminine plural; Translation: “in the streets”; Notes: The public space becomes the setting for mourning.
- עָֽרְבָה֙ (ʿarevah) – Root: ערב; Form: Qal perfect 3rd person feminine singular; Translation: “is darkened”; Notes: Used metaphorically to describe the extinguishing of joy.
- כָּל־שִׂמְחָ֔ה (kol-simḥah) – Root: שׂמח; Form: Construct chain: quantifier + noun feminine singular; Translation: “all joy”; Notes: Totality of rejoicing is affected.
- גָּלָ֖ה (galah) – Root: גלה; Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “is exiled”; Notes: Personification of joy as being removed or taken captive.
- מְשֹׂ֥ושׂ (mesos) – Root: שׂושׂ; Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “joy”; Notes: Synonym of simḥah, enhancing poetic variation.
- הָאָֽרֶץ (haʾaretz) – Root: ארץ; Form: Definite noun feminine singular; Translation: “of the land”; Notes: The land itself mourns as joy departs.