Isaiah 24:8

שָׁבַת֙ מְשֹׂ֣ושׂ תֻּפִּ֔ים חָדַ֖ל שְׁאֹ֣ון עַלִּיזִ֑ים שָׁבַ֖ת מְשֹׂ֥ושׂ כִּנֹּֽור׃

Ceased is the joy of tambourines, ended is the noise of the jubilant, ceased is the joy of the lyre.

Morphology

1. שָׁבַת֙ (shavat) – Root: שׁבת; Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “ceased”; Notes: Used here in poetic repetition for dramatic effect.
2. מְשֹׂ֣ושׂ (mesos) – Root: שׂושׂ; Form: Noun masculine singular (infinitive/abstract); Translation: “joy”; Notes: Expresses exuberant festivity or rejoicing.
3. תֻּפִּ֔ים (tuppim) – Root: תּף; Form: Noun masculine plural; Translation: “tambourines”; Notes: Instruments associated with dance and celebration.
4. חָדַ֖ל (ḥadal) – Root: חדל; Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “ended”; Notes: Parallel to “ceased,” adding variation in the poetry.
5. שְׁאֹ֣ון (sheʾon) – Root: שׁאן; Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “noise”; Notes: Conveys loud celebration or uproar.
6. עַלִּיזִ֑ים (ʿallizim) – Root: עלז; Form: Adjective masculine plural; Translation: “the jubilant”; Notes: Those who rejoice exuberantly, now silenced.
7. שָׁבַ֖ת (shavat) – Root: שׁבת; Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “ceased”; Notes: Repetition reinforces the total cessation of joy.
8. מְשֹׂ֥ושׂ (mesos) – Root: שׂושׂ; Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “joy”; Notes: Repeated word for poetic rhythm and emphasis.
9. כִּנֹּֽור (kinnor) – Root: כנר; Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “lyre”; Notes: A stringed instrument representing refined musical festivity.