אָבַ֥ל תִּירֹ֖ושׁ אֻמְלְלָה־גָ֑פֶן נֶאֶנְח֖וּ כָּל־שִׂמְחֵי־לֵֽב׃
The new wine mourns, the vine languishes, all the joyful of heart groan.
Morphology
- אָבַ֥ל (ʾaval) – Root: אבל; Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “mourns”; Notes: Verb indicating sorrow or lament, subject is “new wine.”
- תִּירֹ֖ושׁ (tirosh) – Root: תירושׁ; Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “new wine”; Notes: Often symbolizes festivity or blessing, here affected by judgment.
- אֻמְלְלָה־גָ֑פֶן (ʾumlelah-gafen) – Root: אמל / גפן; Form: Pual perfect 3rd person feminine singular + noun feminine singular; Translation: “the vine languishes”; Notes: Passive verb with noun in apposition, reflecting withering or ruin of fertility.
- נֶאֶנְח֖וּ (neʾenḥu) – Root: אנח; Form: Nifal perfect 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “they groaned”; Notes: Reflexive or passive nuance, used here for emotional distress.
- כָּל־שִׂמְחֵי־לֵֽב (kol-simḥei-lev) – Root: שׂמח / לב; Form: Construct chain: noun masculine singular + masculine plural construct participle + noun masculine singular; Translation: “all the joyful of heart”; Notes: Describes those once filled with gladness, now groaning; poetic emphasis on inward joy turned to lament.