Isaiah 28:22

וְעַתָּה֙ אַל־תִּתְלֹוצָ֔צוּ פֶּֽן־יֶחְזְק֖וּ מֹֽוסְרֵיכֶ֑ם כִּֽי־כָלָ֨ה וְנֶחֱרָצָ֜ה שָׁמַ֗עְתִּי מֵאֵ֨ת אֲדֹנָ֧י יְהוִ֛ה צְבָאֹ֖ות עַל־כָּל־הָאָֽרֶץ׃

And now, do not mock, lest your bonds be strengthened, for a complete and determined destruction I have heard from my Lord, YHWH of Hosts, upon all the earth.

 

Morphology

  1. וְעַתָּה֙ (ve-ʿattah) – Root: עת; Form: Conjunction + adverb; Translation: “And now”; Notes: Marks transition or emphasis.
  2. אַל־תִּתְלֹוצָ֔צוּ (ʾal-titlōtsetsu) – Root: לוץ; Form: Negative particle + Hitpolel imperfect 2nd person masculine plural; Translation: “do not mock”; Notes: A warning against scornful behavior.
  3. פֶּֽן־יֶחְזְק֖וּ (pen-yeḥzequ) – Root: חזק; Form: Conjunction “lest” + Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “lest they be strengthened”; Notes: Introduces negative consequence.
  4. מֹֽוסְרֵיכֶ֑ם (mosrekhem) – Root: אסר; Form: Noun masculine plural construct + 2mp suffix; Translation: “your bonds”; Notes: Refers to constraints, possibly metaphorical (judgment or captivity).
  5. כִּֽי־כָלָ֨ה (ki-kalah) – Root: כלה; Form: Conjunction + noun feminine singular; Translation: “for a complete destruction”; Notes: Introduces the reason.
  6. וְנֶחֱרָצָ֜ה (ve-neḥeratsah) – Root: חרץ; Form: Conjunction + Nifal perfect feminine singular; Translation: “and a determined one”; Notes: Refers to something decreed or resolved.
  7. שָׁמַ֗עְתִּי (shamaʿti) – Root: שמע; Form: Qal perfect 1st person singular; Translation: “I have heard”; Notes: Personal testimony.
  8. מֵאֵ֨ת (meʾet) – Root: את; Form: Preposition; Translation: “from”; Notes: Indicates source.
  9. אֲדֹנָ֧י (ʾAdonai) – Root: אדן; Form: Noun masculine plural with 1cs possessive; Translation: “my Lord”; Notes: Reverent title of YHWH.
  10. יְהוִ֛ה (YHWH) – Root: הוה; Form: Proper noun; Translation: “YHWH”; Notes: Covenant name of God.
  11. צְבָאֹ֖ות (tsevaʾot) – Root: צבא; Form: Noun feminine plural construct; Translation: “of Hosts”; Notes: Title expressing divine sovereignty over heavenly armies.
  12. עַל־כָּל־הָאָֽרֶץ (ʿal-kol-haʾaretz) – Root: על / כל / ארץ; Form: Preposition + noun “all” + definite noun; Translation: “upon all the land”; Notes: Universal scope of judgment.

 

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