מֵעִ֨ם יְהוָ֤ה צְבָאֹות֙ תִּפָּקֵ֔ד בְּרַ֥עַם וּבְרַ֖עַשׁ וְקֹ֣ול גָּדֹ֑ול סוּפָה֙ וּסְעָרָ֔ה וְלַ֖הַב אֵ֥שׁ אֹוכֵלָֽה׃
From with YHWH of hosts shall be visited with thunder and with earthquake and great sound, whirlwind and tempest, and flame of consuming fire.
Morphology
- מֵעִ֨ם (me-ʿim) – Root: עם; Form: Preposition with inseparable preposition מִ; Translation: “from with”; Notes: Indicates origin or source, especially divine source.
- יְהוָ֤ה (YHWH) – Root: הוה; Form: Proper noun, masculine singular; Translation: “YHWH”; Notes: The Tetragrammaton, divine name.
- צְבָאֹות֙ (tsevaʾot) – Root: צבא; Form: Noun, masculine plural in construct with YHWH; Translation: “of hosts”; Notes: A divine epithet emphasizing YHWH’s military might.
- תִּפָּקֵ֔ד (tippaQed) – Root: פקד; Form: Nifal imperfect 3rd person feminine singular; Translation: “shall be visited”; Notes: Nifal often functions passively or reflexively. The subject is implicit and feminine, referring perhaps to a land or a city.
- בְּרַ֥עַם (be-raʿam) – Root: רעם; Form: Preposition + noun, masculine singular; Translation: “with thunder”; Notes: A sign of divine intervention or judgment.
- וּבְרַ֖עַשׁ (u-ve-raʿash) – Root: רעשׁ; Form: Conjunction + preposition + noun, masculine singular; Translation: “and with earthquake”; Notes: Parallel to the previous phrase.
- וְקֹ֣ול (ve-qol) – Root: קול; Form: Conjunction + noun, masculine singular; Translation: “and sound/voice”; Notes: Could refer to a thunderous sound or divine utterance.
- גָּדֹ֑ול (gadol) – Root: גדל; Form: Adjective, masculine singular; Translation: “great”; Notes: Modifies קול.
- סוּפָה֙ (suphah) – Root: סוף; Form: Noun, feminine singular; Translation: “whirlwind”; Notes: Often associated with divine wrath or overwhelming force.
- וּסְעָרָ֔ה (u-seʿarah) – Root: סער; Form: Conjunction + noun, feminine singular; Translation: “and tempest”; Notes: Paired with “whirlwind” for poetic intensification.
- וְלַ֖הַב (ve-lahav) – Root: להב; Form: Conjunction + noun, masculine singular; Translation: “and flame”; Notes: Suggests destructive fire.
- אֵ֥שׁ (ʾesh) – Root: אשׁ; Form: Noun, feminine singular; Translation: “fire”; Notes: In construct with “flame,” forming “flame of fire.”
- אֹוכֵלָֽה (ʾokhelah) – Root: אכל; Form: Qal participle feminine singular; Translation: “consuming”; Notes: Participle modifies “fire,” describing its active, devouring nature.