Isaiah 33:12

וְהָי֥וּ עַמִּ֖ים מִשְׂרְפֹ֣ות שִׂ֑יד קֹוצִ֥ים כְּסוּחִ֖ים בָּאֵ֥שׁ יִצַּֽתּוּ׃ ס

And the peoples shall be as burnings of lime, like thorns cut down they shall be set ablaze in the fire. Selah.

Morphology

1. וְהָי֥וּ (ve-hayu) – Root: היה; Form: Qal perfect 3rd person common plural with waw-consecutive; Translation: “and they shall be”; Notes: Introduces a prophetic consequence or result.
2. עַמִּ֖ים (ʿammim) – Root: עם; Form: Noun masculine plural; Translation: “peoples”; Notes: Refers to nations or groups of people, often Gentiles.
3. מִשְׂרְפֹ֣ות (misrefot) – Root: שׂרף; Form: Noun feminine plural construct; Translation: “burnings of”; Notes: From the root meaning “to burn”; used to describe intense fire or lime kilns.
4. שִׂ֑יד (sid) – Root: שׂיד; Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “lime”; Notes: Lime used for plaster or mortar, produced by burning stones—imagery of utter consumption.
5. קֹוצִ֥ים (qotsim) – Root: קוץ; Form: Noun masculine plural; Translation: “thorns”; Notes: Symbolic of worthlessness or targets of judgment.
6. כְּסוּחִ֖ים (kesuḥim) – Root: סוח; Form: Pual participle masculine plural; Translation: “cut down”; Notes: Describes thorns that have been chopped or cleared.
7. בָּאֵ֥שׁ (ba-ʾesh) – Root: אשׁ; Form: Preposition בְּ + noun feminine singular; Translation: “in the fire”; Notes: Indicates the element of destruction.
8. יִצַּֽתּוּ (yittsatu) – Root: יצת; Form: Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “they shall be set ablaze”; Notes: Describes the final judgment through burning.
9. ס (Selah) – Root: uncertain; Form: Interjection or liturgical marker; Translation: “Selah”; Notes: Likely indicates a pause or moment of reflection; exact meaning unknown.