כִּ֣י קֶ֤צֶף לַֽיהוָה֙ עַל־כָּל־הַגֹּויִ֔ם וְחֵמָ֖ה עַל־כָּל־צְבָאָ֑ם הֶחֱרִימָ֖ם נְתָנָ֥ם לַטָּֽבַח׃
For wrath is to YHWH against all the nations, and fury against all their host; He has devoted them to destruction, He has given them over to slaughter.
Morphology
- כִּ֣י (ki) – Root: כי; Form: Conjunction; Translation: “For”; Notes: Introduces the reason for what precedes or follows.
- קֶ֤צֶף (qetsef) – Root: קצף; Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “wrath”; Notes: Denotes divine anger or indignation.
- לַֽיהוָה֙ (la-YHWH) – Root: יהוה; Form: Preposition ל + proper noun; Translation: “to YHWH”; Notes: Indicates possession or direction—“belongs to YHWH.”
- עַל־כָּל־הַגֹּויִ֔ם (ʿal-kol-ha-goyim) – Root: גוי; Form: Preposition + noun masculine plural with definite article; Translation: “against all the nations”; Notes: Object of divine wrath.
- וְחֵמָ֖ה (ve-ḥemah) – Root: חמה; Form: Conjunction + noun feminine singular; Translation: “and fury”; Notes: Intensifies the notion of wrath.
- עַל־כָּל־צְבָאָ֑ם (ʿal-kol-tseva’am) – Root: צבא; Form: Preposition + noun masculine singular construct + 3rd person masculine plural suffix; Translation: “against all their host”; Notes: Refers to military or collective forces.
- הֶחֱרִימָ֖ם (heḥerimam) – Root: חרם; Form: Hifil perfect 3rd person masculine singular + 3rd person masculine plural suffix; Translation: “He has devoted them to destruction”; Notes: Herem signifies something placed under the ban or irrevocably given over to God for destruction.
- נְתָנָ֥ם (netanam) – Root: נתן; Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular + 3rd person masculine plural suffix; Translation: “He has given them”; Notes: Indicates handing over or surrendering.
- לַטָּֽבַח (la-ṭavaḥ) – Root: טבח; Form: Preposition + noun masculine singular; Translation: “to the slaughter”; Notes: Refers to violent judgment or destruction.