קִרְב֤וּ גֹויִם֙ לִשְׁמֹ֔עַ וּלְאֻמִּ֖ים הַקְשִׁ֑יבוּ תִּשְׁמַ֤ע הָאָ֨רֶץ֙ וּמְלֹאָ֔הּ תֵּבֵ֖ל וְכָל־צֶאֱצָאֶֽיהָ׃
Draw near, O nations, to hear; and O peoples, listen! Let the earth hear, and its fullness, the world and all its offspring.
Morphology
- קִרְב֤וּ (qirvu) – Root: קרב; Form: Qal imperative masculine plural; Translation: “Draw near”; Notes: A call to attention or summons directed to nations.
- גֹויִם֙ (goyim) – Root: גוי; Form: Noun masculine plural; Translation: “nations”; Notes: Often refers to non-Israelite nations or peoples.
- לִשְׁמֹ֔עַ (lishmoaʿ) – Root: שמע; Form: Infinitive construct with preposition ל; Translation: “to hear”; Notes: Expresses purpose of approaching.
- וּלְאֻמִּ֖ים (u-le’ummim) – Root: לאם; Form: Conjunction + noun masculine plural; Translation: “and peoples”; Notes: Parallel to גֹויִם, emphasizing inclusiveness.
- הַקְשִׁ֑יבוּ (haqshivu) – Root: קשׁב; Form: Hifil imperative masculine plural; Translation: “listen attentively”; Notes: Stronger than merely “hear,” connotes focused attention.
- תִּשְׁמַ֤ע (tishmaʿ) – Root: שמע; Form: Qal imperfect 3rd feminine singular; Translation: “let her hear”; Notes: Refers to the earth as subject, feminine in Hebrew.
- הָאָ֨רֶץ (ha’aretz) – Root: ארץ; Form: Noun feminine singular with definite article; Translation: “the earth”; Notes: Subject of the verb תִּשְׁמַע.
- וּמְלֹאָ֔הּ (u-melo’ah) – Root: מלא; Form: Noun masculine singular construct + 3rd feminine singular suffix; Translation: “and its fullness”; Notes: Refers to all that fills the earth, its inhabitants and resources.
- תֵּבֵ֖ל (tevel) – Root: תבל; Form: Noun feminine singular; Translation: “the world”; Notes: Synonymous with earth, often poetic or expansive in meaning.
- וְכָל־צֶאֱצָאֶֽיהָ (ve-khol-tse’etsa’eha) – Root: צאצא; Form: Conjunction + noun masculine plural construct + 3rd feminine singular suffix; Translation: “and all her offspring”; Notes: Refers to all inhabitants or progeny of the earth.