Isaiah 35:10

וּפְדוּיֵ֨י יְהוָ֜ה יְשֻׁב֗וּן וּבָ֤אוּ צִיֹּון֙ בְּרִנָּ֔ה וְשִׂמְחַ֥ת עֹולָ֖ם עַל־רֹאשָׁ֑ם שָׂשֹׂ֤ון וְשִׂמְחָה֙ יַשִּׂ֔יגוּ וְנָ֖סוּ יָגֹ֥ון וַאֲנָחָֽה׃ פ

And the redeemed of YHWH shall return and come to Tsiyyon with singing, and everlasting joy shall be upon their heads; gladness and joy they shall obtain, and sorrow and sighing shall flee away.

Morphology

1. וּפְדוּיֵ֨י (u-feduyei) – Root: פדה; Form: Conjunction + passive participle masculine plural construct; Translation: “and the redeemed of”; Notes: Those ransomed or liberated, emphasizing divine deliverance.
2. יְהוָ֜ה (YHWH) – Root: הוה; Form: Proper name of God; Translation: “YHWH”; Notes: Covenant name of God, subject of redemption.
3. יְשֻׁב֗וּן (yeshuvun) – Root: שׁוב; Form: Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural with nun ending (poetic); Translation: “shall return”; Notes: Expresses return from exile or dispersion.
4. וּבָ֤אוּ (u-vaʾu) – Root: בוא; Form: Conjunction + Qal perfect 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “and they shall come”; Notes: Parallel to “return,” emphasizing arrival at the holy city.
5. צִיֹּון (Tsiyon) – Root: ציון; Form: Proper noun feminine singular; Translation: “Tsiyon”; Notes: Symbol of Jerusalem and the presence of YHWH.
6. בְּרִנָּ֔ה (be-rinnah) – Root: רנן; Form: Preposition + noun feminine singular; Translation: “with singing”; Notes: Denotes joyful outcry, often in worship or victory.
7. וְשִׂמְחַ֥ת (ve-simḥat) – Root: שׂמח; Form: Conjunction + noun feminine singular construct; Translation: “and joy of”; Notes: In construct with “eternity” to express lasting rejoicing.
8. עֹולָ֖ם (ʿolam) – Root: עולם; Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “eternity” / “everlasting”; Notes: Indicates perpetual joy, not transient.
9. עַל־רֹאשָׁ֑ם (ʿal-rosham) – Root: ראשׁ; Form: Preposition + noun masculine singular with 3rd person masculine plural suffix; Translation: “upon their heads”; Notes: Symbolic of visible, public blessing and joy.
10. שָׂשֹׂ֤ון (sason) – Root: שׂושׂ; Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “gladness”; Notes: Emotional expression of happiness; often paired with “joy.”
11. וְשִׂמְחָה֙ (ve-simḥah) – Root: שׂמח; Form: Conjunction + noun feminine singular; Translation: “and joy”; Notes: Inner and communal happiness, especially in celebration.
12. יַשִּׂ֔יגוּ (yassigu) – Root: נשׂג; Form: Hifil imperfect 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “they shall obtain”; Notes: Conveys pursuit reaching its goal—complete possession of joy.
13. וְנָ֖סוּ (ve-nasu) – Root: נוס; Form: Conjunction + Qal perfect 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “and they shall flee”; Notes: Refers to the departure of sorrow and grief.
14. יָגֹ֥ון (yagon) – Root: יגון; Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “sorrow”; Notes: Represents inner anguish; countered by joy in restoration.
15. וַאֲנָחָֽה (va-ʾanachah) – Root: אנח; Form: Conjunction + noun feminine singular; Translation: “and sighing”; Notes: Expression of grief or despair, now removed in redemption.