וַיְהִ֡י בְּאַרְבַּע֩ עֶשְׂרֵ֨ה שָׁנָ֜ה לַמֶּ֣לֶךְ חִזְקִיָּ֗הוּ עָלָ֞ה סַנְחֵרִ֤יב מֶֽלֶךְ־אַשּׁוּר֙ עַ֣ל כָּל־עָרֵ֧י יְהוּדָ֛ה הַבְּצֻרֹ֖ות וַֽיִּתְפְּשֵֽׂם׃
And it was in the fourteenth year of King Ḥizqiyyahu, Sanḥeriv king of Ashshur came up against all the fortified cities of Yehuda and seized them.
Morphology
- וַיְהִ֡י (vayhi) – Root: היה; Form: Qal wayyiqtol (waw-consecutive imperfect) 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “And it was”; Notes: Narrative opener indicating a past event.
- בְּאַרְבַּע֩ (be-arbaʿ) – Root: אַרְבַּע; Form: Preposition + numeral feminine; Translation: “in [the] four”; Notes: Construct numeral as part of a compound number.
- עֶשְׂרֵ֨ה (esreh) – Root: עשר; Form: Numeral feminine; Translation: “ten”; Notes: Forms part of “fourteen.”
- שָׁנָ֜ה (shanah) – Root: שׁנה; Form: Noun feminine singular absolute; Translation: “year”; Notes: Together with the numerals, forms “fourteen years.”
- לַמֶּ֣לֶךְ (la-melekh) – Root: מלך; Form: Preposition + definite article + noun masculine singular; Translation: “to the king”; Notes: Dative of time: “in the fourteenth year of the king.”
- חִזְקִיָּ֗הוּ (Ḥizqiyyahu) – Root: –; Form: Proper noun; Translation: “Ḥizqiyyahu”; Notes: Refers to Hezekiah, king of Yehudah.
- עָלָ֞ה (ʿalah) – Root: עלה; Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “came up”; Notes: Used of military campaigns; often followed by the preposition ʿal (“against”).
- סַנְחֵרִ֤יב (Sanḥeriv) – Root: –; Form: Proper noun; Translation: “Sanḥeriv”; Notes: Assyrian king who attacked Yehudah.
- מֶֽלֶךְ־אַשּׁוּר֙ (melekh-Ashshur) – Root: מלך + אשּׁוּר; Form: Noun construct + proper noun; Translation: “king of Ashshur”; Notes: Construct form indicating possession.
- עַ֣ל (ʿal) – Root: על; Form: Preposition; Translation: “against”; Notes: Introduces the object of the military action.
- כָּל־עָרֵ֧י (kol-ʿarei) – Root: כל + עיר; Form: Noun construct; Translation: “all the cities of”; Notes: Construct chain with definite noun following.
- יְהוּדָ֛ה (Yehudah) – Root: –; Form: Proper noun; Translation: “Yehudah”; Notes: Refers to the southern kingdom.
- הַבְּצֻרֹ֖ות (ha-bətsurot) – Root: בצר; Form: Definite article + noun feminine plural passive participle; Translation: “the fortified [cities]”; Notes: From the root meaning “to fortify.”
- וַֽיִּתְפְּשֵֽׂם (vayyitpəsēm) – Root: תפשׂ; Form: Qal wayyiqtol (waw-consecutive imperfect) 3rd person masculine singular + 3rd person masculine plural suffix; Translation: “and he seized them”; Notes: Refers to Sanḥeriv capturing the cities.