Isaiah 37:1

וַיְהִ֗י כִּשְׁמֹ֨עַ֙ הַמֶּ֣לֶךְ חִזְקִיָּ֔הוּ וַיִּקְרַ֖ע אֶת־בְּגָדָ֑יו וַיִּתְכַּ֣ס בַּשָּׂ֔ק וַיָּבֹ֖א בֵּ֥ית יְהוָֽה׃

And it happened when King Ḥizqiyahu heard, that he tore his garments and covered himself with sackcloth, and he went into the house of YHWH.

Morphology

1. וַיְהִ֗י (va-yehi) – Root: היה (hayah); Form: Qal wayyiqtol (narrative past) 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “And it happened”; Notes: Typical narrative introduction indicating a significant event.
2. כִּשְׁמֹ֨עַ֙ (ki-shmoaʿ) – Root: שמע (shamaʿ); Form: Preposition כִּ + Qal infinitive construct; Translation: “when he heard”; Notes: Temporal clause indicating the time of the following actions.
3. הַמֶּ֣לֶךְ (ha-melekh) – Root: מלך (melekh); Form: Definite noun masculine singular; Translation: “the king”; Notes: Refers to Ḥizqiyahu in his royal capacity.
4. חִזְקִיָּ֔הוּ (Ḥizqiyahu) – Root: חזק (ḥazaq) + divine element יהו; Form: Proper noun, masculine singular; Translation: “Ḥizqiyahu”; Notes: King of Yisraʾel during the Assyrian threat.
5. וַיִּקְרַ֖ע (va-yiqraʿ) – Root: קרע (qaraʿ); Form: Qal wayyiqtol (narrative past) 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “and he tore”; Notes: Tearing garments was a traditional sign of mourning or distress.
6. אֶת־בְּגָדָ֑יו (et-begadav) – Root: בגד (beged); Form: Direct object marker אֶת + noun masculine plural with 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “his garments”; Notes: Expresses possession and highlights grief.
7. וַיִּתְכַּ֣ס (va-yitkass) – Root: כסה (kasa); Form: Hitpael wayyiqtol (narrative past) 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “and he covered himself”; Notes: Reflexive stem showing personal involvement in mourning act.
8. בַּשָּׂ֔ק (ba-saqq) – Root: שׂק (saq); Form: Preposition בְּ + definite noun masculine singular; Translation: “with the sackcloth”; Notes: Sackcloth is symbolic of repentance or mourning.
9. וַיָּבֹ֖א (va-yavo) – Root: בוא (bo); Form: Qal wayyiqtol (narrative past) 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “and he went”; Notes: Movement toward a sacred place of refuge or petition.
10. בֵּ֥ית (beit) – Root: בית (bayit); Form: Construct noun masculine singular; Translation: “house of”; Notes: Construct form indicating possession.
11. יְהוָֽה (YHWH) – Root: היה (hayah); Form: Proper noun, Tetragrammaton; Translation: “YHWH”; Notes: The personal covenant name of the God of Yisraʾel.