לָכֵ֗ן כֹּֽה־אָמַ֤ר יְהוָה֙ אֶל־מֶ֣לֶךְ אַשּׁ֔וּר לֹ֤א יָבֹוא֙ אֶל־הָעִ֣יר הַזֹּ֔את וְלֹֽא־יֹורֶ֥ה שָׁ֖ם חֵ֑ץ וְלֹֽא־יְקַדְּמֶ֣נָּה מָגֵ֔ן וְלֹֽא־יִשְׁפֹּ֥ךְ עֳלֶ֖יהָ סֹלְלָֽה׃
Therefore thus said YHWH concerning the king of Ashshur: He shall not come into this city, and he shall not shoot an arrow there, and he shall not come before it with a shield, and he shall not pour out a siege mound against it.
Morphology
- לָכֵ֗ן (lakhen) – Root: כן; Form: Adverb; Translation: “therefore”; Notes: Introduces a consequence or divine response.
- כֹּֽה־אָמַ֤ר (koh-amar) – Root: אמר; Form: Qal perfect 3rd masculine singular; Translation: “thus said”; Notes: Formula introducing a prophetic oracle.
- יְהוָה֙ (YHWH) – Root: היה; Form: Proper noun; Translation: “YHWH”; Notes: The Tetragrammaton, personal name of the God of Yisraʾel.
- אֶל־מֶ֣לֶךְ (el-melekh) – Root: מלך; Form: Preposition + noun, masculine singular construct; Translation: “to the king”; Notes: The object of the divine message.
- אַשּׁ֔וּר (Ashshur) – Root: אשור; Form: Proper noun; Translation: “Ashshur”; Notes: Refers to Assyria.
- לֹ֤א (lo) – Root: לא; Form: Negative particle; Translation: “not”; Notes: Negates the following verb.
- יָבֹוא֙ (yavo) – Root: בוא; Form: Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular; Translation: “he shall come”; Notes: Refers to the king of Ashshur.
- אֶל־הָעִ֣יר (el-haʿir) – Root: עיר; Form: Preposition + noun, feminine singular with article; Translation: “into the city”; Notes: Refers to Yerushalayim.
- הַזֹּ֔את (hazzot) – Root: זה; Form: Demonstrative pronoun, feminine singular; Translation: “this”; Notes: Modifies “the city.”
- וְלֹֽא־יֹורֶ֥ה (velo-yoreh) – Root: ירה; Form: Hifil imperfect 3rd masculine singular; Translation: “and he shall not shoot”; Notes: Military context.
- שָׁ֖ם (sham) – Root: שם; Form: Adverb; Translation: “there”; Notes: Refers to the city.
- חֵ֑ץ (ḥets) – Root: חץ; Form: Noun, masculine singular; Translation: “arrow”; Notes: Symbol of warfare.
- וְלֹֽא־יְקַדְּמֶ֣נָּה (velo-yeqaddemenah) – Root: קדם; Form: Piel imperfect 3rd masculine singular + 3rd feminine singular suffix; Translation: “and he shall not come before her”; Notes: Military terminology; “to confront” with force.
- מָגֵ֔ן (magen) – Root: מגן; Form: Noun, masculine singular; Translation: “shield”; Notes: Represents assault gear.
- וְלֹֽא־יִשְׁפֹּ֥ךְ (velo-yishpokh) – Root: שׁפך; Form: Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular; Translation: “and he shall not pour out”; Notes: Typically refers to laying out siege works.
- עֳלֶ֖יהָ (ʿaleha) – Root: על; Form: Preposition + 3rd feminine singular suffix; Translation: “upon her”; Notes: Refers to the city (feminine).
- סֹלְלָֽה (solelah) – Root: סלל; Form: Noun, feminine singular; Translation: “siege mound”; Notes: Raised bank for siege operations.