הֲלֹ֤וא תֵֽדְעוּ֙ הֲלֹ֣וא תִשְׁמָ֔עוּ הֲלֹ֛וא הֻגַּ֥ד מֵרֹ֖אשׁ לָכֶ֑ם הֲלֹוא֙ הֲבִ֣ינֹתֶ֔ם מֹוסְדֹ֖ות הָאָֽרֶץ׃
Have you not known? Have you not heard? Has it not been told you from the beginning? Have you not understood the foundations of the earth?
Morphology
- הֲלֹ֤וא (halo) – Root: לא; Form: Interrogative particle + negative particle; Translation: “Have you not…?”; Notes: Rhetorical marker introducing a question expecting an affirmative response.
- תֵֽדְעוּ֙ (tedʿu) – Root: ידע; Form: Qal imperfect 2nd person masculine plural; Translation: “you know”; Notes: In context: “Have you not known?”
- הֲלֹ֣וא (halo) – repeated particle for emphasis; Translation: “Have you not…?”
- תִשְׁמָ֔עוּ (tishmaʿu) – Root: שמע; Form: Qal imperfect 2nd person masculine plural; Translation: “you hear”; Notes: Rhetorical: “Have you not heard?”
- הֲלֹ֛וא (halo) – repeated again for rhetorical force; Translation: “Has it not…?”
- הֻגַּ֥ד (huggad) – Root: נגד; Form: Hophal perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “it was told”; Notes: Passive form indicating the message was received from someone else.
- מֵרֹ֖אשׁ (me-rosh) – Root: ראשׁ; Form: Preposition + noun, masculine singular; Translation: “from the beginning”; Notes: Temporal reference.
- לָכֶ֑ם (lakhem) – Root: אתם; Form: Preposition + 2nd person masculine plural pronoun suffix; Translation: “to you”; Notes: Refers to the audience being addressed.
- הֲלֹוא֙ (halo) – repeated interrogative/negative particle; Translation: “Have you not…?”
- הֲבִ֣ינֹתֶ֔ם (havinotem) – Root: בין; Form: Hiphil perfect 2nd person masculine plural; Translation: “you understood”; Notes: Causative aspect: “have you not caused yourselves to understand?”
- מֹוסְדֹ֖ות (mosdot) – Root: יסד; Form: Noun, feminine plural; Translation: “foundations”; Notes: Refers to the fundamental structures or base of the earth.
- הָאָֽרֶץ (ha-aretz) – Root: ארץ; Form: Noun, feminine singular with definite article; Translation: “the earth”; Notes: Object of understanding in the verse.