כָּל־גֶּיא֙ יִנָּשֵׂ֔א וְכָל־הַ֥ר וְגִבְעָ֖ה יִשְׁפָּ֑לוּ וְהָיָ֤ה הֶֽעָקֹב֙ לְמִישֹׁ֔ור וְהָרְכָסִ֖ים לְבִקְעָֽה׃
Every valley shall be lifted up, and every mountain and hill shall be brought low, and the crooked shall become level ground, and the rough places a plain.
Morphology
- כָּל־גֶּיא (kol-geʾ) – Root: גיא; Form: Quantifier + noun masculine singular; Translation: “Every valley”; Notes: Refers to low places, symbolic of humility or preparation.
- יִנָּשֵׂא (yinnase) – Root: נשא; Form: Nifal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “shall be lifted up”; Notes: Passive voice expressing elevation or restoration.
- וְכָל־הַר (ve-kol-har) – Root: הר; Form: Conjunction + quantifier + noun masculine singular; Translation: “and every mountain”; Notes: Symbol of pride or exaltation being humbled.
- וְגִבְעָה (ve-givʿah) – Root: גבע; Form: Conjunction + noun feminine singular; Translation: “and hill”; Notes: Smaller elevation paired with mountain for completeness.
- יִשְׁפָּלוּ (yishpalu) – Root: שפל; Form: Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “shall be brought low”; Notes: Future lowering, opposite of the previous verb.
- וְהָיָה (ve-hayah) – Root: היה; Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular with vav-consecutive; Translation: “and it shall be”; Notes: Future result of divine transformation.
- הֶעָקֹב (he-ʿaqov) – Root: עָקֹב; Form: Definite article + adjective/noun masculine singular; Translation: “the crooked”; Notes: Figurative for moral or structural distortion.
- לְמִישֹׁור (le-mishor) – Root: ישור; Form: Preposition + noun masculine singular; Translation: “to level ground”; Notes: Symbolizes righteousness, justice, or smoothness.
- וְהָרְכָסִים (ve-harḵasim) – Root: רכס; Form: Conjunction + noun masculine plural; Translation: “and the rough places” or “ridges”; Notes: Uneven terrain, symbolic of obstacles or resistance.
- לְבִקְעָה (le-viqʿah) – Root: בקע; Form: Preposition + noun feminine singular; Translation: “to a plain”; Notes: Flat land symbolizing accessibility and peace.