הַחֲרִ֤ישׁוּ אֵלַי֙ אִיִּ֔ים וּלְאֻמִּ֖ים יַחֲלִ֣יפוּ כֹ֑חַ יִגְּשׁוּ֙ אָ֣ז יְדַבֵּ֔רוּ יַחְדָּ֖ו לַמִּשְׁפָּ֥ט נִקְרָֽבָה׃
“Be silent before Me, O coastlands, and let the nations renew strength; let them approach, then let them speak; together let us draw near for judgment.
Morphology
- הַחֲרִ֤ישׁוּ (haḥarishu) – Root: חרשׁ; Form: Hifil imperative 2nd person masculine plural; Translation: “Be silent!”; Notes: A divine summons to quiet and attentiveness.
- אֵלַי֙ (elai) – Root: אל; Form: Preposition + 1st person singular suffix; Translation: “unto Me”; Notes: Indicates direction toward the speaker (YHWH).
- אִיִּ֔ים (iyyim) – Root: אי; Form: Noun, masculine plural; Translation: “coastlands” or “islands”; Notes: Often symbolizing distant or foreign nations.
- וּלְאֻמִּ֖ים (u-le’ummim) – Root: לאם; Form: Conjunction + noun masculine plural; Translation: “and nations”; Notes: Refers to Gentile peoples or ethnic groups.
- יַחֲלִ֣יפוּ (yaḥalifu) – Root: חלף; Form: Hifil imperfect 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “they shall renew” or “gain afresh”; Notes: Implies readiness or preparation, especially of strength.
- כֹ֑חַ (koaḥ) – Root: כח; Form: Noun, masculine singular; Translation: “strength”; Notes: Physical or moral power.
- יִגְּשׁוּ֙ (yiggeshu) – Root: נגשׁ; Form: Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “let them approach”; Notes: An invitation to come forward, often to a legal or deliberative scene.
- אָ֣ז (az) – Root: אז; Form: Adverb; Translation: “then”; Notes: Temporal marker indicating the sequence of events.
- יְדַבֵּ֔רוּ (yedabberu) – Root: דבר; Form: Piel imperfect 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “let them speak”; Notes: Piel intensifies the speech act—speaking with deliberation or formality.
- יַחְדָּ֖ו (yaḥdaw) – Root: יחד; Form: Adverb; Translation: “together”; Notes: Emphasizes unified action or gathering.
- לַמִּשְׁפָּ֥ט (la-mishpat) – Root: שפט; Form: Preposition + noun masculine singular definite; Translation: “for judgment”; Notes: Refers to a judicial proceeding or divine verdict.
- נִקְרָֽבָה׃ (niqravah) – Root: קרב; Form: Nifal cohortative 1st person plural; Translation: “let us draw near”; Notes: Emphasizes corporate approach to judgment scene, likely invoking a courtroom motif.