אֶפְתַּ֤ח עַל־שְׁפָיִים֙ נְהָרֹ֔ות וּבְתֹ֥וךְ בְּקָעֹ֖ות מַעְיָנֹ֑ות אָשִׂ֤ים מִדְבָּר֙ לַאֲגַם־מַ֔יִם וְאֶ֥רֶץ צִיָּ֖ה לְמֹוצָ֥אֵי מָֽיִם׃
I will open rivers on the bare heights, and in the midst of valleys, springs. I will make the wilderness a pool of water, and the dry land springs of water.
Morphology
- אֶפְתַּח (ʾeftaḥ) – Root: פתח (pataḥ); Form: Qal imperfect 1st person singular; Translation: “I will open”; Notes: Expresses divine initiative to bring transformation.
- עַל־שְׁפָיִים (ʿal-shefayim) – Root: שׁפה (shafah); Form: Preposition + noun masculine plural; Translation: “on the bare heights”; Notes: Elevated places, often dry or exposed ridges.
- נְהָרֹות (neharot) – Root: נהר (nahar); Form: Noun masculine plural; Translation: “rivers”; Notes: Symbolic of abundant life and refreshment.
- וּבְתֹוךְ (u-ve-tokh) – Root: תוך (tokh); Form: Conjunction + preposition + noun masculine singular construct; Translation: “and in the midst of”; Notes: Indicates location within something.
- בְּקָעֹות (beqaʿot) – Root: בקע (baqaʿ); Form: Noun feminine plural; Translation: “valleys”; Notes: Low-lying places, often symbolic of dryness.
- מַעְיָנֹות (maʿyanot) – Root: מעין (maʿyan); Form: Noun masculine plural; Translation: “springs”; Notes: Natural sources of water bubbling up—life-giving in arid regions.
- אָשִׂים (ʾasim) – Root: שׂים (sim); Form: Qal imperfect 1st person singular; Translation: “I will place” or “I will make”; Notes: Signals divine transformation or recreation.
- מִדְבָּר (midbar) – Root: דבר (davar); Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “wilderness”; Notes: Uncultivated desert or barren land.
- לַאֲגַם־מַיִם (laʾagam-mayim) – Root: אגם (ʾagam), מים (mayim); Form: Preposition + noun masculine singular construct + noun dual absolute; Translation: “into a pool of water”; Notes: Transformation of desert into flourishing place.
- וְאֶרֶץ (ve-ʾerets) – Root: ארץ (ʾerets); Form: Conjunction + noun feminine singular; Translation: “and the land”; Notes: Refers to dry or uninhabited regions.
- צִיָּה (tsiyyah) – Root: ציה (tsiyyah); Form: Noun feminine singular; Translation: “dry land”; Notes: Arid, scorched terrain.
- לְמֹוצָאֵי (le-motzaʾei) – Root: יצא (yatsaʾ); Form: Preposition + masculine plural construct participle; Translation: “into springs” or “for water outlets”; Notes: Indicates places where water flows out.
- מָיִם (mayim) – Root: מים (mayim); Form: Noun masculine dual absolute; Translation: “water”; Notes: Culminates the imagery of divine provision.