אֶתֵּ֤ן בַּמִּדְבָּר֙ אֶ֣רֶז שִׁטָּ֔ה וַהֲדַ֖ס וְעֵ֣ץ שָׁ֑מֶן אָשִׂ֣ים בָּעֲרָבָ֗ה בְּרֹ֛ושׁ תִּדְהָ֥ר וּתְאַשּׁ֖וּר יַחְדָּֽו׃
I will place in the wilderness the cedar, the acacia, and the myrtle, and the oil tree; I will set in the desert the cypress, the plane tree, and the box tree together.
Morphology
- אֶתֵּן (etten) – Root: נתן (natan); Form: Qal imperfect 1st person singular; Translation: “I will place” or “I will give”; Notes: Introduces divine action of restoration and abundance.
- בַּמִּדְבָּר (ba-midbar) – Root: דבר (davar); Form: Preposition + definite noun masculine singular; Translation: “in the wilderness”; Notes: Symbol of desolation being transformed.
- אֶרֶז (erez) – Root: ארז (erez); Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “cedar”; Notes: Valued tree symbolizing strength and endurance.
- שִׁטָּה (shittah) – Root: שׁטה (shittah); Form: Noun feminine singular; Translation: “acacia”; Notes: A desert tree, associated with tabernacle construction.
- וַהֲדַס (va-hadas) – Root: הדס (hadas); Form: Conjunction + noun masculine singular; Translation: “and the myrtle”; Notes: Fragrant shrub, used in ritual celebration.
- וְעֵץ (ve-ʿets) – Root: עץ (ʿets); Form: Conjunction + noun masculine singular; Translation: “and the tree of”; Notes: Introduces the type of tree that follows.
- שָׁמֶן (shemen) – Root: שׁמן (shemen); Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “oil”; Notes: Likely the olive tree, source of oil.
- אָשִׂים (asim) – Root: שׂים (sim); Form: Qal imperfect 1st person singular; Translation: “I will set”; Notes: Parallels “I will place” earlier in the verse.
- בָּעֲרָבָה (ba-ʿaravah) – Root: ערב (ʿarav); Form: Preposition + definite noun feminine singular; Translation: “in the desert plain”; Notes: A dry steppe region—paired with “wilderness.”
- בְּרֹושׁ (berosh) – Root: ברשׁ (berosh); Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “cypress”; Notes: Tall, evergreen tree used in construction.
- תִּדְהָר (tidhar) – Root: Possibly דהר or uncertain; Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “plane tree”; Notes: A leafy, broad tree—rare word of uncertain etymology.
- וּתְאַשּׁוּר (u-teʾashur) – Root: אשׁר (ʾashur); Form: Conjunction + noun masculine singular; Translation: “and the box tree”; Notes: Ornamental or shade tree—exact species debated.
- יַחְדָּו (yaḥdav) – Root: יחד (yaḥad); Form: Adverb; Translation: “together”; Notes: Indicates all trees are planted collectively for a unified transformation.