יַגִּ֨ישׁוּ֙ וְיַגִּ֣ידוּ לָ֔נוּ אֵ֖ת אֲשֶׁ֣ר תִּקְרֶ֑ינָה הָרִאשֹׁנֹ֣ות מָ֣ה הֵ֗נָּה הַגִּ֜ידוּ וְנָשִׂ֤ימָה לִבֵּ֨נוּ֙ וְנֵדְעָ֣ה אַחֲרִיתָ֔ן אֹ֥ו הַבָּאֹ֖ות הַשְׁמִיעֻֽנוּ׃
Let them present and declare to us what will happen. The former things, what are they? Declare, and we will set them in our heart and know their outcome. Or let us hear what is to come.
Morphology
- יַגִּישׁוּ (yaggishu) – Root: נגשׁ (nagash); Form: Hifil imperfect 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “let them present”; Notes: Causative verb calling for the presentation of a case or prophecy.
- וְיַגִּידוּ (ve-yaggidu) – Root: נגד (nagad); Form: Hifil imperfect 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “and let them declare”; Notes: Paired with the previous verb, reinforcing the demand for explanation or prediction.
- לָנוּ (lanu) – Root: ל + אנחנו (le + ʾanaḥnu); Form: Preposition + 1st person plural suffix; Translation: “to us”; Notes: Indicates the intended audience of the declaration.
- אֵת (et) – Root: את (ʾet); Form: Direct object marker; Translation: —; Notes: Introduces the object of the verb “declare.”
- אֲשֶׁר (ʾasher) – Root: אשר (ʾasher); Form: Relative pronoun; Translation: “what” or “that which”; Notes: Refers to what will happen.
- תִּקְרֶינָה (tiqreynah) – Root: קרה (qarah); Form: Qal imperfect 3rd person feminine plural; Translation: “will happen”; Notes: Refers to future events; feminine plural refers back to unspecified things/events.
- הָרִאשֹׁנֹות (ha-rishonot) – Root: ראשׁ (roʾsh); Form: Adjective feminine plural with definite article; Translation: “the former things”; Notes: Refers to past events that may have significance.
- מָה (mah) – Root: מה (mah); Form: Interrogative pronoun; Translation: “what?”; Notes: Questions the meaning or nature of the former things.
- הֵנָּה (henah) – Root: הן (hen); Form: Independent pronoun feminine plural; Translation: “are they”; Notes: Refers back to “the former things.”
- הַגִּידוּ (haggidu) – Root: נגד (nagad); Form: Hifil imperative 2nd person masculine plural; Translation: “declare”; Notes: Direct challenge to declare the past’s meaning.
- וְנָשִׂימָה (ve-nasimah) – Root: שׂים (sim); Form: Qal cohortative 1st person plural + vav; Translation: “and we will set”; Notes: Refers to internalizing or reflecting upon the matter.
- לִבֵּנוּ (libbeinu) – Root: לבב (levav); Form: Noun masculine singular with 1st person plural suffix; Translation: “our heart”; Notes: The center of understanding and will in biblical anthropology.
- וְנֵדְעָה (ve-nedʿah) – Root: ידע (yadaʿ); Form: Qal cohortative 1st person plural + vav; Translation: “and let us know”; Notes: A request for understanding the significance of past events.
- אַחֲרִיתָן (ʾaḥaritān) – Root: אחר (ʾaḥar); Form: Noun feminine singular + 3rd person feminine plural suffix; Translation: “their outcome” or “their end”; Notes: Refers to the final result or purpose of the former things.
- אֹו (ʾo) – Root: או (ʾo); Form: Coordinating conjunction; Translation: “or”; Notes: Presents an alternative challenge.
- הַבָּאֹות (ha-baʾot) – Root: בוא (bo); Form: Participle feminine plural with definite article; Translation: “the things to come”; Notes: Refers to future events still expected.
- הַשְׁמִיעֻנוּ (hashmiʿunu) – Root: שׁמע (shamaʿ); Form: Hifil imperative 2nd person masculine plural + 1st person plural suffix; Translation: “make us hear” or “cause us to hear”; Notes: A challenge to the false gods or idols to demonstrate foreknowledge.