כָּֽל־הַגֹּויִ֞ם נִקְבְּצ֣וּ יַחְדָּ֗ו וְיֵאָֽסְפוּ֙ לְאֻמִּ֔ים מִ֤י בָהֶם֙ יַגִּ֣יד זֹ֔את וְרִֽאשֹׁנֹ֖ות יַשְׁמִיעֻ֑נוּ יִתְּנ֤וּ עֵֽדֵיהֶם֙ וְיִצְדָּ֔קוּ וְיִשְׁמְע֖וּ וְיֹאמְר֥וּ אֱמֶֽת׃
Let all the nations be gathered together, and let the peoples be assembled. Who among them will declare this and make us hear the former things? Let them bring their witnesses, and they will be justified; and let them hear and say, “It is true.”
Morphology
- כָּֽל־הַגֹּויִ֞ם (kol-ha-goyim) – Root: גוי; Form: Noun masculine plural with definite article in construct; Translation: “all the nations”; Notes: Collective term for the Gentiles.
- נִקְבְּצ֣וּ (niqbetzu) – Root: קבץ; Form: Nifal perfect 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “were gathered”; Notes: Passive voice; indicates divine or prophetic summons.
- יַחְדָּ֗ו (yaḥdav) – Root: יחד; Form: Adverb; Translation: “together”; Notes: Emphasizes unity of the gathered nations.
- וְיֵאָֽסְפוּ (ve-yeʾasefu) – Root: אסף; Form: Nifal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “and let them be assembled”; Notes: Volitional/jussive nuance—an invitation or challenge.
- לְאֻמִּ֔ים (leʾummim) – Root: לאם; Form: Noun masculine plural; Translation: “peoples”; Notes: Synonymous with “nations,” emphasizing ethnic groups.
- מִ֤י (mi) – Root: –; Form: Interrogative pronoun; Translation: “Who”; Notes: Introduces a rhetorical challenge.
- בָהֶם (bahem) – Root: ב + הם; Form: Preposition + 3rd person masculine plural suffix; Translation: “among them”; Notes: Specifies the referent of the question.
- יַגִּ֣יד (yaggid) – Root: נגד; Form: Hiphil imperfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “will declare”; Notes: Causative stem implies formal announcement.
- זֹאת (zot) – Root: זה; Form: Demonstrative feminine singular; Translation: “this”; Notes: Refers to prophetic declarations.
- וְרִֽאשֹׁנֹ֖ות (ve-rishonot) – Root: ראשׁ; Form: Conjunction + adjective feminine plural used substantively; Translation: “and the former things”; Notes: Refers to past prophetic fulfillments.
- יַשְׁמִיעֻ֑נוּ (yashmiʿunu) – Root: שׁמע; Form: Hiphil imperfect 3rd person masculine plural with 1st person plural suffix; Translation: “let them make us hear”; Notes: Causative action expected from the nations.
- יִתְּנ֤וּ (yittnu) – Root: נתן; Form: Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “let them bring”; Notes: Imperative-jussive nuance continues the challenge.
- עֵֽדֵיהֶם֙ (ʿedeihem) – Root: עד; Form: Noun masculine plural construct + 3rd person masculine plural suffix; Translation: “their witnesses”; Notes: Legal language implying testimony.
- וְיִצְדָּ֔קוּ (ve-yitsdaku) – Root: צדק; Form: Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “and let them be justified”; Notes: Legal result if their witnesses are valid.
- וְיִשְׁמְע֖וּ (ve-yishmeʿu) – Root: שׁמע; Form: Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “and let them hear”; Notes: Possibly refers to the gathered peoples.
- וְיֹאמְר֥וּ (ve-yomru) – Root: אמר; Form: Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “and let them say”; Notes: Expected response upon hearing truth.
- אֱמֶֽת (emet) – Root: אמת; Form: Noun feminine singular; Translation: “Truth”; Notes: Affirmation of what is heard; may conclude a legal or prophetic confirmation.