Isaiah 44:15

וְהָיָ֤ה לְאָדָם֙ לְבָעֵ֔ר וַיִּקַּ֤ח מֵהֶם֙ וַיָּ֔חָם אַף־יַשִּׂ֖יק וְאָ֣פָה לָ֑חֶם אַף־יִפְעַל־אֵל֙ וַיִּשְׁתָּ֔חוּ עָשָׂ֥הוּ פֶ֖סֶל וַיִּסְגָּד־לָֽמֹו׃

And it becomes fuel for a man, and he takes some of them and warms himself; yes, he kindles a fire and bakes bread. Also, he makes a god and bows down; he makes it an idol and prostrates himself to it.

Morphology

1. וְהָיָה (ve-hayah) – Root: היה; Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular with vav-consecutive; Translation: “and it became” or “and it becomes”; Notes: Introduces result or outcome.
2. לְאָדָם (le-adam) – Root: אדם; Form: Preposition + noun masculine singular; Translation: “for a man”; Notes: Indicates use or purpose.
3. לְבָעֵר (le-vaʿer) – Root: בער; Form: Preposition + Piel infinitive construct; Translation: “for burning”; Notes: Describes the intended function as firewood.
4. וַיִּקַּח (va-yiqqaḥ) – Root: לקח; Form: Qal wayyiqtol 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “and he took”; Notes: Narrative progression.
5. מֵהֶם (mehem) – Root: מן; Form: Preposition + 3rd person masculine plural suffix; Translation: “from them”; Notes: Refers to the trees mentioned earlier.
6. וַיָּחָם (va-yakham) – Root: חמם; Form: Qal wayyiqtol 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “and he warmed himself”; Notes: Benefit from the wood as firewood.
7. אַף (af) – Root: אף; Form: Adverb/conjunction; Translation: “also” or “indeed”; Notes: Adds further development in the absurdity of the act.
8. יַשִּׂיק (yassiq) – Root: שׂיק (possibly from שׂוך or שׂקה); Form: Hifil imperfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “he kindles” or “he fires it”; Notes: Refers to fueling or lighting a fire.
9. וְאָפָה (ve-afah) – Root: אפה; Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular with vav-consecutive; Translation: “and he baked”; Notes: Action using the fire for food preparation.
10. לָחֶם (laḥem) – Root: לחם; Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “bread”; Notes: Daily staple, baked using the firewood.
11. אַף־יִפְעַל־אֵל (af-yifʿal-el) – Root: פעל; Form: Adverb + Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular + noun; Translation: “also, he makes a god”; Notes: Ironic progression from practical use to idolatry.
12. וַיִּשְׁתָּחוּ (va-yishtakhu) – Root: שׁחה; Form: Hishtaphel wayyiqtol 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “and he bowed down”; Notes: Denotes full prostration in worship.
13. עָשָׂהוּ (ʿasahu) – Root: עשה; Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular + 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “he made it”; Notes: Refers again to the idol formed by his own hands.
14. פֶסֶל (fesel) – Root: פסל; Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “idol” or “graven image”; Notes: Emphasizes the object of misguided worship.
15. וַיִּסְגָּד־לָמוֹ (va-yisgad-lamo) – Root: סגד; Form: Qal wayyiqtol 3rd person masculine singular + preposition + 3rd person plural suffix; Translation: “and he prostrated to them”; Notes: Collective or plural reference to the idols or false gods.