Isaiah 45:8

הַרְעִ֤יפוּ שָׁמַ֨יִם֙ מִמַּ֔עַל וּשְׁחָקִ֖ים יִזְּלוּ־צֶ֑דֶק תִּפְתַּח־אֶ֣רֶץ וְיִפְרוּ־יֶ֗שַׁע וּצְדָקָ֤ה תַצְמִ֨יחַ֙ יַ֔חַד אֲנִ֥י יְהוָ֖ה בְּרָאתִֽיו׃ ס

Rain down, O heavens, from above, and let the skies pour forth righteousness; let the earth open, and let salvation sprout, and let righteousness spring up together; I, YHWH, have created it.

Morphology

1. הַרְעִ֤יפוּ (harʿifu) – Root: רעף; Form: Hifil imperative masculine plural; Translation: “Rain down”; Notes: Command directed to the heavens, poetic imagery of divine blessing.
2. שָׁמַ֨יִם (shamayim) – Root: שׁמים; Form: Noun masculine plural; Translation: “heavens”; Notes: Often used in parallel with earth; here personified.
3. מִמַּ֔עַל (mi-maʿal) – Root: מעל; Form: Preposition מִן + noun/adverb; Translation: “from above”; Notes: Indicates source or direction.
4. וּשְׁחָקִים (u-sheḥaqim) – Root: שׁחק; Form: Conjunction וְ + noun masculine plural; Translation: “and skies”; Notes: Another term for heavens, often poetic.
5. יִזְּלוּ־צֶדֶק (yizzelu-tsedeq) – Root: זלל; Form: Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural + noun masculine singular; Translation: “let righteousness pour”; Notes: Figurative for divine justice descending.
6. תִּפְתַּח־אֶרֶץ (tiftaḥ-erets) – Root: פתח; Form: Qal imperfect 3rd person feminine singular + noun feminine singular; Translation: “let the earth open”; Notes: Signals receptiveness to heavenly blessing.
7. וְיִפְרוּ־יֶשַׁע (ve-yifru-yeshaʿ) – Root: פרה; Form: Conjunction וְ + Qal imperfect 3rd person plural + noun masculine singular; Translation: “and let salvation sprout”; Notes: Image of fertility applied to deliverance.
8. וּצְדָקָה (u-tsedaqah) – Root: צדק; Form: Conjunction וְ + noun feminine singular; Translation: “and righteousness”; Notes: Moral order or divine justice.
9. תַצְמִיחַ (tatsmiaḥ) – Root: צמח; Form: Hifil imperfect 3rd person feminine singular; Translation: “let it spring up”; Notes: Causative form, describes divine action through nature.
10. יַחַד (yaḥad) – Root: יחד; Form: Adverb; Translation: “together”; Notes: Indicates simultaneous emergence.
11. אֲנִי (ʾani) – Root: אנכ; Form: Independent pronoun, 1st person common singular; Translation: “I”; Notes: Emphatic divine self-reference.
12. יְהוָה (YHWH) – Root: הוה; Form: Proper noun; Translation: “YHWH”; Notes: The personal name of the God of Yisraʾel.
13. בְּרָאתִיו (beraʾtiv) – Root: ברא; Form: Qal perfect 1st person common singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “I have created it”; Notes: Refers to the totality of redemptive events mentioned before.