Isaiah 48:8

גַּ֣ם לֹֽא־שָׁמַ֗עְתָּ גַּ֚ם לֹ֣א יָדַ֔עְתָּ גַּ֕ם מֵאָ֖ז לֹא־פִתְּחָ֣ה אָזְנֶ֑ךָ כִּ֤י יָדַ֨עְתִּי֙ בָּגֹ֣וד תִּבְגֹּ֔וד וּפֹשֵׁ֥עַ מִבֶּ֖טֶן קֹ֥רָא לָֽךְ׃

Also you did not hear, also you did not know, also from of old your ear was not opened. For I knew that you would surely deal treacherously, and a transgressor from the womb you were called.

Morphology

1. גַּם (gam) – Root: גם; Form: Adverb; Translation: “also”; Notes: Repeated for rhetorical emphasis, stacking charges of ignorance.
2. לֹא־שָׁמַעְתָּ (lo-shamaʿta) – Root: שׁמע; Form: Negative particle + Qal perfect 2nd person masculine singular; Translation: “you did not hear”; Notes: Past failure to listen to divine instruction.
3. לֹא־יָדַעְתָּ (lo-yadaʿta) – Root: ידע; Form: Negative particle + Qal perfect 2nd person masculine singular; Translation: “you did not know”; Notes: Parallel to “you did not hear,” stressing ignorance or neglect.
4. מֵאָז (meʾaz) – Root: אז; Form: Preposition + adverb; Translation: “from of old”; Notes: Refers to the beginning of their relationship with YHWH.
5. לֹא־פִתְּחָה (lo-pitteḥah) – Root: פתח; Form: Negative particle + Qal perfect 3rd person feminine singular; Translation: “was not opened”; Notes: Refers to the ear, metaphorically for receptiveness.
6. אָזְנֶךָ (oznekha) – Root: אזן; Form: Noun feminine singular with 2nd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “your ear”; Notes: Object of the verb “was not opened.”
7. כִּי (ki) – Root: כי; Form: Conjunction; Translation: “for”; Notes: Introduces the explanation for the previous statement.
8. יָדַעְתִּי (yadaʿti) – Root: ידע; Form: Qal perfect 1st person singular; Translation: “I knew”; Notes: Divine knowledge of Israel’s character from the beginning.
9. בָּגֹוד (bagod) – Root: בגד; Form: Infinitive absolute Qal; Translation: “surely dealing treacherously”; Notes: Emphatic form paired with imperfect for intensity.
10. תִּבְגֹּוד (tivgod) – Root: בגד; Form: Qal imperfect 2nd person masculine singular; Translation: “you would deal treacherously”; Notes: Reinforced by preceding infinitive absolute.
11. וּפֹשֵׁעַ (u-fosheʿa) – Root: פשע; Form: Conjunction + Qal participle masculine singular; Translation: “and a transgressor”; Notes: Describes a habitual state.
12. מִבֶּטֶן (mi-beten) – Root: בטן; Form: Preposition + noun feminine singular; Translation: “from the womb”; Notes: Describes innate rebellion from birth.
13. קֹרָא (qora) – Root: קרא; Form: Qal passive participle masculine singular; Translation: “you were called”; Notes: Divine or societal label applied from infancy.
14. לָךְ (lakh) – Root: לך; Form: Preposition + 2nd person feminine singular suffix; Translation: “for you”; Notes: May indicate irony or accusatory address to the nation personified.