Isaiah 49:10

לֹ֤א יִרְעָ֨בוּ֙ וְלֹ֣א יִצְמָ֔אוּ וְלֹא־יַכֵּ֥ם שָׁרָ֖ב וָשָׁ֑מֶשׁ כִּי־מְרַחֲמָ֣ם יְנַהֲגֵ֔ם וְעַל־מַבּ֥וּעֵי מַ֖יִם יְנַהֲלֵֽם׃

They shall not hunger nor thirst, nor shall heat and sun strike them, for He who has compassion on them will lead them, and by springs of water He will guide them.

Morphology

1. לֹא (lo) – Root: לא; Form: Negative particle; Translation: “not”; Notes: Used to negate future verbs.
2. יִרְעָבוּ (yirʿavu) – Root: רעב; Form: Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “they shall hunger”; Notes: Describes absence of lack or deprivation.
3. וְלֹא (ve-lo) – Root: לא; Form: Conjunction + negative particle; Translation: “nor”; Notes: Continues the negation.
4. יִצְמָאוּ (yitsmaʾu) – Root: צמא; Form: Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “they shall thirst”; Notes: Parallel to the previous verb in meaning and form.
5. וְלֹא־יַכֵּם (ve-lo-yakkem) – Root: נכה; Form: Hifil imperfect 3rd person masculine singular + 3rd person masculine plural suffix; Translation: “nor shall strike them”; Notes: Describes protection from harsh environmental conditions.
6. שָׁרָב (sharav) – Root: שרב; Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “heat” or “scorching wind”; Notes: Represents harsh desert conditions.
7. וָשָׁמֶשׁ (va-shemesh) – Root: שמש; Form: Conjunction + noun masculine singular; Translation: “and sun”; Notes: Paired with “heat” to emphasize discomfort or danger.
8. כִּי (ki) – Root: כי; Form: Conjunction; Translation: “for” or “because”; Notes: Introduces the reason for their safety.
9. מְרַחֲמָם (meraḥamam) – Root: רחם; Form: Piel participle masculine singular + 3rd person masculine plural suffix; Translation: “He who has compassion on them”; Notes: Ongoing characteristic of YHWH’s care.
10. יְנַהֲגֵם (yenahagem) – Root: נהג; Form: Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular + 3rd person masculine plural suffix; Translation: “He will lead them”; Notes: Describes guidance with care and direction.
11. וְעַל־מַבּוּעֵי (ve-ʿal-mabbuʿei) – Root: נבע; Form: Conjunction + preposition + noun masculine plural construct; Translation: “and by springs of”; Notes: Refers to flowing, bubbling sources of water.
12. מַיִם (mayim) – Root: —; Form: Noun masculine dual (plurale tantum); Translation: “water”; Notes: Common word, always plural in form.
13. יְנַהֲלֵם (yenahaleim) – Root: נהל; Form: Piel imperfect 3rd person masculine singular + 3rd person masculine plural suffix; Translation: “He will guide them”; Notes: Intensive or careful guidance, often used in pastoral imagery.