קְרָ֤א בְגָרֹון֙ אַל־תַּחְשֹׂ֔ךְ כַּשֹּׁופָ֖ר הָרֵ֣ם קֹולֶ֑ךָ וְהַגֵּ֤ד לְעַמִּי֙ פִּשְׁעָ֔ם וּלְבֵ֥ית יַעֲקֹ֖ב חַטֹּאתָֽם׃
“Cry out with the throat, do not hold back; raise your voice like a shofar, and declare to My people their transgression, and to the house of Yaʿaqov their sins.
Morphology
- קְרָא (qera) – Root: קרא (qara); Form: Qal imperative masculine singular; Translation: “Cry out”; Notes: A direct command to proclaim loudly.
- בְגָרֹון (be-garon) – Root: גרון (garon); Form: Preposition בְ + noun masculine singular; Translation: “with the throat”; Notes: Emphasizes vocal projection from the depths of the throat.
- אַל־תַּחְשֹׂךְ (ʾal-taḥsoḵ) – Root: חשׂך (ḥasakh); Form: Negative particle אַל + Qal imperfect jussive 2nd person masculine singular; Translation: “do not hold back”; Notes: Expresses an urgent prohibition.
- כַּשֹּׁופָר (ka-shofar) – Root: שׁופר (shofar); Form: Preposition כְּ + noun masculine singular; Translation: “like a shofar”; Notes: The ram’s horn—used for alarm, warning, or sacred summons.
- הָרֵם (hareim) – Root: רום (rum); Form: Hiphil imperative masculine singular; Translation: “raise”; Notes: Causative—command to lift or amplify the voice.
- קֹולֶךָ (qolekha) – Root: קול (qol); Form: Noun masculine singular with 2nd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “your voice”; Notes: Refers to the prophet’s proclamation.
- וְהַגֵּד (ve-hagged) – Root: נגד (nagad); Form: Hiphil imperative masculine singular; Translation: “and declare”; Notes: Causative form—call to make known or explain clearly.
- לְעַמִּי (le-ʿammi) – Root: עם (ʿam); Form: Preposition לְ + noun masculine singular with 1st person singular suffix; Translation: “to My people”; Notes: Refers to Yisraʾel as YHWH’s covenant people.
- פִּשְׁעָם (pishʿam) – Root: פשׁע (peshaʿ); Form: Noun masculine plural with 3rd person masculine plural suffix; Translation: “their transgression”; Notes: Conveys rebellion or willful disobedience.
- וּלְבֵית (u-le-veit) – Root: בית (bayit); Form: Conjunction + preposition + construct noun masculine singular; Translation: “and to the house of”; Notes: Used idiomatically for lineage or national family.
- יַעֲקֹב (Yaʿaqov) – Root: יעקב (Yaʿaqov); Form: Proper noun; Translation: “Yaʿaqov”; Notes: Patriarchal name standing for the people of Yisraʾel.
- חַטֹּאתָם (ḥattoʾtam) – Root: חטא (ḥaṭa); Form: Noun feminine plural with 3rd person masculine plural suffix; Translation: “their sins”; Notes: Refers to moral failings or offenses before YHWH.