אִם־תָּשִׁ֤יב מִשַּׁבָּת֙ רַגְלֶ֔ךָ עֲשֹׂ֥ות חֲפָצֶ֖יךָ בְּיֹ֣ום קָדְשִׁ֑י וְקָרָ֨אתָ לַשַּׁבָּ֜ת עֹ֗נֶג לִקְדֹ֤ושׁ יְהוָה֙ מְכֻבָּ֔ד וְכִבַּדְתֹּו֙ מֵעֲשֹׂ֣ות דְּרָכֶ֔יךָ מִמְּצֹ֥וא חֶפְצְךָ֖ וְדַבֵּ֥ר דָּבָֽר׃
If you turn away your foot from the Sabbath, from doing your pleasure on My holy day, and call the Sabbath a delight, the holy day of YHWH honorable, and you honor it, not doing your own ways, nor finding your own pleasure, nor speaking a word;
Morphology
- אִם (ʾim) – Root: אם (ʾim); Form: Conditional particle; Translation: “If”; Notes: Introduces a conditional clause.
- תָּשִׁיב (tashiv) – Root: שׁוב (shuv); Form: Hiphil imperfect 2nd person masculine singular; Translation: “you turn away”; Notes: Causative—restraining oneself from certain actions.
- מִשַּׁבָּת (mi-shabbat) – Root: שׁבת (shavat); Form: Preposition מִן + noun masculine singular; Translation: “from the Sabbath”; Notes: Refers to behavior in relation to the Sabbath day.
- רַגְלֶךָ (raglekha) – Root: רגל (regel); Form: Noun feminine singular with 2nd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “your foot”; Notes: Symbolic of one’s movement or activity.
- עֲשֹׂות (ʿasot) – Root: עשׂה (ʿasah); Form: Infinitive construct; Translation: “from doing”; Notes: Infinitive of action to be avoided.
- חֲפָצֶיךָ (ḥafatseikha) – Root: חפץ (ḥefets); Form: Noun masculine plural with 2nd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “your pleasures” or “your pursuits”; Notes: Refers to personal business or self-interest.
- בְּיֹום קָדְשִׁי (be-yom qadshi) – Roots: יום (yom), קדשׁ (qodesh); Form: Preposition + noun + 1st person singular suffix; Translation: “on My holy day”; Notes: Refers to the Sabbath as belonging to YHWH.
- וְקָרָאתָ (ve-qarata) – Root: קרא (qara); Form: Qal perfect 2nd person masculine singular; Translation: “and you call”; Notes: Refers to naming or regarding something in a specific way.
- לַשַּׁבָּת (la-shabbat) – Root: שׁבת (shabbat); Form: Preposition לְ + definite noun feminine singular; Translation: “the Sabbath”; Notes: The subject being defined as a delight.
- עֹנֶג (ʿoneg) – Root: ענג (ʿanag); Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “a delight”; Notes: Positive characterization of the Sabbath.
- לִקְדֹושׁ יְהוָה (liqdosh YHWH) – Root: קדשׁ (qadosh); Form: Preposition + noun masculine singular construct + Divine Name; Translation: “the holy of YHWH”; Notes: Refers again to the Sabbath as set apart by YHWH.
- מְכֻבָּד (mekhubbad) – Root: כבד (kavad); Form: Pual participle masculine singular; Translation: “honorable”; Notes: Describes the character of YHWH’s holy day.
- וְכִבַּדְתֹּו (ve-khibbadto) – Root: כבד (kavad); Form: Piel perfect 2nd person masculine singular + 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “and you honor it”; Notes: Refers to proper reverence for the Sabbath.
- מֵעֲשֹׂות דְּרָכֶיךָ (me-ʿasot derakhekha) – Roots: עשׂה (ʿasah), דרך (derekh); Form: Preposition + infinitive + noun plural with 2ms suffix; Translation: “from doing your ways”; Notes: Restriction of ordinary conduct on the Sabbath.
- מִמְּצֹוא חֶפְצְךָ (mi-metso ḥefetskha) – Roots: מצא (matza), חפץ (ḥefets); Form: Preposition + infinitive construct + noun with suffix; Translation: “from seeking your own pleasure”; Notes: Personal pursuits to be avoided.
- וְדַבֵּר דָּבָר (ve-dabber davar) – Root: דבר (davar); Form: Piel infinitive construct + noun masculine singular; Translation: “or speaking a word”; Notes: Likely referring to idle or business-related talk.