Isaiah 59:18

כְּעַ֤ל גְּמֻלֹות֙ כְּעַ֣ל יְשַׁלֵּ֔ם חֵמָ֣ה לְצָרָ֔יו גְּמ֖וּל לְאֹֽיְבָ֑יו לָאִיִּ֖ים גְּמ֥וּל יְשַׁלֵּֽם׃

According to deeds, accordingly He will repay, wrath to His adversaries, recompense to His enemies; to the coastlands He will repay recompense.

 

Morphology

  1. כְּעַל (ke-ʿal) – Root: על; Form: Preposition with comparative particle “as” or “according to”; Translation: “according to”; Notes: Indicates correspondence in action.
  2. גְּמֻלֹות (gemulōt) – Root: גמל; Form: Noun feminine plural; Translation: “deeds” or “recompenses”; Notes: Refers to what someone deserves or has earned.
  3. כְּעַל (ke-ʿal) – Root: על; Form: Repeated preposition; Translation: “according to”; Notes: Poetic parallelism for emphasis.
  4. יְשַׁלֵּם (yeshallem) – Root: שׁלם; Form: Piel imperfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “He will repay”; Notes: Piel emphasizes thorough or complete repayment.
  5. חֵמָה (ḥemah) – Root: חמה; Form: Noun feminine singular; Translation: “wrath”; Notes: Strong emotion of divine anger.
  6. לְצָרָיו (le-tsarayv) – Root: צרר; Form: Preposition + noun masculine plural with 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “to His adversaries”; Notes: Those hostile to YHWH.
  7. גְּמוּל (gemul) – Root: גמל; Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “recompense”; Notes: Poetic repetition emphasizing justice.
  8. לְאֹיְבָיו (le-oyevav) – Root: איב; Form: Preposition + noun masculine plural with 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “to His enemies”; Notes: General term for those who oppose.
  9. לָאִיִּים (la-iyyim) – Root: אי; Form: Preposition + noun masculine plural; Translation: “to the coastlands”; Notes: Symbolic of distant nations or regions.
  10. גְּמוּל (gemul) – Root: גמל; Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “recompense”; Notes: Repeated again for rhythmic and theological emphasis.
  11. יְשַׁלֵּם (yeshallem) – Root: שׁלם; Form: Piel imperfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “He will repay”; Notes: Final verb completing the parallel structure.

 

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