וַיִּשְׁלַ֣ח יִשְׂרָאֵ֣ל מַלְאָכִ֣ים אֶל־מֶלֶךְ֩ אֱדֹ֨ום לֵאמֹ֜ר אֶעְבְּרָה־נָּ֣א בְאַרְצֶ֗ךָ וְלֹ֤א שָׁמַע֙ מֶ֣לֶךְ אֱדֹ֔ום וְגַ֨ם אֶל־מֶ֧לֶךְ מֹואָ֛ב שָׁלַ֖ח וְלֹ֣א אָבָ֑ה וַיֵּ֥שֶׁב יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל בְּקָדֵֽשׁ׃
And Yisraʾel sent messengers to the king of Edom, saying, “Let me pass through your land, please.” But the king of Edom did not listen. And also to the king of Moʾav he sent, but he was not willing, so Yisraʾel remained in Qadesh.
Morphology
- וַיִּשְׁלַ֣ח (va-yishlaḥ) – Root: שלח (shalaḥ); Form: Qal wayyiqtol (preterite) 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “And he sent”; Notes: Narrative sequence action.
- יִשְׂרָאֵ֣ל (Yisraʾel) – Root: ישראל (Yisraʾel); Form: Proper noun; Translation: “Yisraʾel”; Notes: Subject of the verb.
- מַלְאָכִ֣ים (malʾakhim) – Root: מלאך (malʾakh); Form: Noun, masculine plural; Translation: “messengers”; Notes: Refers to envoys.
- אֶל־מֶלֶךְ֩ אֱדֹ֨ום (el-melekh Edom) – Root: מלך (melekh) + אדום (Edom); Form: Construct noun phrase; Translation: “to the king of Edom”; Notes: Indicates recipient.
- לֵאמֹ֜ר (leʾemor) – Root: אמר (ʾamar); Form: Infinitive construct; Translation: “saying”; Notes: Introduces direct speech.
- אֶעְבְּרָה־נָּ֣א (eʿbrah-na) – Root: עבר (ʿavar); Form: Qal cohortative 1st person singular + particle of entreaty; Translation: “Let me pass, please”; Notes: Expresses a request.
- בְאַרְצֶ֗ךָ (be-artzekha) – Root: ארץ (erets); Form: Noun, feminine singular with 2nd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “through your land”; Notes: Indicates location.
- וְלֹ֤א שָׁמַע֙ (ve-lo shamaʿ) – Root: שמע (shamaʿ); Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “But he did not listen”; Notes: Expresses refusal.
- מֶ֣לֶךְ אֱדֹ֔ום (melekh Edom) – Root: מלך (melekh) + אדום (Edom); Form: Construct noun phrase; Translation: “the king of Edom”; Notes: Refers to a ruler.
- וְגַ֨ם אֶל־מֶ֧לֶךְ מֹואָ֛ב (ve-gam el-melekh Moʾav) – Root: מלך (melekh) + מואב (Moʾav); Form: Construct noun phrase; Translation: “And also to the king of Moʾav”; Notes: Additional diplomatic attempt.
- שָׁלַ֖ח (shalaḥ) – Root: שלח (shalaḥ); Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “he sent”; Notes: Another diplomatic request.
- וְלֹ֣א אָבָ֑ה (ve-lo avah) – Root: אבה (avah); Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “but he was not willing”; Notes: Indicates refusal.
- וַיֵּ֥שֶׁב (va-yeshev) – Root: ישב (yashav); Form: Qal wayyiqtol (preterite) 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “so he remained”; Notes: Indicates continued presence.
- יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל (Yisraʾel) – Root: ישראל (Yisraʾel); Form: Proper noun; Translation: “Yisraʾel”; Notes: Subject of the verb.
- בְּקָדֵֽשׁ׃ (be-Qadesh) – Root: קדש (Qadesh); Form: Proper noun with prepositional prefix; Translation: “in Qadesh”; Notes: Location of Israel’s encampment.