וַיַּכֵּ֡ם מֵעֲרֹועֵר֩ וְעַד־בֹּואֲךָ֨ מִנִּ֜ית עֶשְׂרִ֣ים עִ֗יר וְעַד֙ אָבֵ֣ל כְּרָמִ֔ים מַכָּ֖ה גְּדֹולָ֣ה מְאֹ֑ד וַיִּכָּֽנְעוּ֙ בְּנֵ֣י עַמֹּ֔ון מִפְּנֵ֖י בְּנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ פ
And he struck them from ʿAroʿer until you come to Minnit—twenty cities—and as far as Avel-keramim, with a very great slaughter; and the sons of ʿAmmon were subdued before the sons of Yisraʾel.
Morphology
- וַיַּכֵּ֡ם (va-yakkeim) – Root: נכה (nakah); Form: Hiphil wayyiqtol (preterite) 3rd person masculine singular with 3rd person masculine plural suffix; Translation: “And he struck them”; Notes: Indicates a decisive defeat.
- מֵעֲרֹועֵר֩ (me-ʿAroʿer) – Root: ערער (ʿAroʿer); Form: Proper noun with prepositional prefix; Translation: “from ʿAroʿer”; Notes: Specifies the starting location.
- וְעַד־בֹּואֲךָ֨ (ve-ʿad-boʾakha) – Root: בוא (bo); Form: Qal infinitive construct with 2nd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “until you come”; Notes: Marks the extent of the conquest.
- מִנִּ֜ית (Minnit) – Root: מנּית (Minnit); Form: Proper noun; Translation: “Minnit”; Notes: A place name.
- עֶשְׂרִ֣ים עִ֗יר (esrim ʿir) – Root: עשר (esrim) + עיר (ʿir); Form: Numeral + noun, feminine singular; Translation: “twenty cities”; Notes: Specifies the number of cities conquered.
- וְעַד֙ אָבֵ֣ל כְּרָמִ֔ים (ve-ʿad Avel Keramim) – Root: אבל כרמים (Avel Keramim); Form: Proper noun with prepositional phrase; Translation: “as far as Avel Keramim”; Notes: Further extends the territorial description.
- מַכָּ֖ה (makkah) – Root: נכה (nakah); Form: Noun, feminine singular; Translation: “a slaughter”; Notes: Refers to the destruction inflicted.
- גְּדֹולָ֣ה (gedolah) – Root: גדל (gadol); Form: Adjective, feminine singular; Translation: “great”; Notes: Emphasizes the magnitude of the slaughter.
- מְאֹ֑ד (meʾod) – Root: מאד (meʾod); Form: Adverb; Translation: “very”; Notes: Strengthens the description of the magnitude.
- וַיִּכָּֽנְעוּ֙ (va-yikkaʿneu) – Root: כנע (kanaʿ); Form: Nifal wayyiqtol (preterite) 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “And they were subdued”; Notes: Indicates the outcome of the battle.
- בְּנֵ֣י עַמֹּ֔ון (bene ʿAmmon) – Root: בן (ben) + עמון (ʿAmmon); Form: Construct noun phrase; Translation: “the sons of ʿAmmon”; Notes: Identifies the defeated group.
- מִפְּנֵ֖י (mi-penei) – Root: פנים (panim); Form: Noun, masculine plural construct; Translation: “before”; Notes: Indicates subjugation.
- בְּנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ (bene Yisraʾel) – Root: בן (ben) + ישראל (Yisraʾel); Form: Construct noun phrase; Translation: “the sons of Yisraʾel”; Notes: Identifies the victorious party.