וַיֹּסִ֨פוּ֙ בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל לַעֲשֹׂ֥ות הָרַ֖ע בְּעֵינֵ֣י יְהוָ֑ה וַיִּתְּנֵ֧ם יְהוָ֛ה בְּיַד־פְּלִשְׁתִּ֖ים אַרְבָּעִ֥ים שָׁנָֽה׃ פ
And the sons of Yisraʾel again did evil in the eyes of YHWH, and YHWH gave them into the hand of the Pelishtim for forty years.
Morphology
- וַיֹּסִ֨פוּ֙ (va-yosifu) – Root: יסף (yasaf); Form: Hifil wayyiqtol (preterite) 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “And they again did”; Notes: Indicates repetition of previous behavior.
- בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל (bene Yisraʾel) – Root: בן (ben) + ישראל (Yisraʾel); Form: Noun construct, masculine plural; Translation: “the sons of Yisraʾel”; Notes: Refers to the people of Yisraʾel.
- לַעֲשֹׂ֥ות (laʿasot) – Root: עשה (ʿasah); Form: Qal infinitive construct with preposition; Translation: “to do”; Notes: Expresses the action performed.
- הָרַ֖ע (ha-raʿ) – Root: רעע (raʿaʿ); Form: Noun, masculine singular, definite; Translation: “the evil”; Notes: Refers to moral corruption or sin.
- בְּעֵינֵ֣י (be-ʿeine) – Root: עין (ʿayin); Form: Noun, dual construct; Translation: “in the eyes of”; Notes: Expresses perception or judgment.
- יְהוָ֑ה (YHWH) – Root: יהוה (YHWH); Form: Proper noun; Translation: “YHWH”; Notes: The divine name.
- וַיִּתְּנֵ֧ם (va-yittenem) – Root: נתן (natan); Form: Qal wayyiqtol (preterite) 3rd person masculine singular with 3rd person masculine plural suffix; Translation: “And He gave them”; Notes: Refers to YHWH delivering them into enemy hands.
- יְהוָ֛ה (YHWH) – Root: יהוה (YHWH); Form: Proper noun; Translation: “YHWH”; Notes: Subject of the verb.
- בְּיַד־פְּלִשְׁתִּ֖ים (be-yad Pelishtim) – Root: יד (yad) + פלשת (Pelishet); Form: Noun construct with proper noun; Translation: “into the hand of the Pelishtim”; Notes: Signifies subjugation under the Pelishtim.
- אַרְבָּעִ֥ים (arbaʿim) – Root: ארבע (arbaʿ); Form: Numeral, masculine plural; Translation: “forty”; Notes: Duration of the subjugation.
- שָׁנָֽה׃ (shana) – Root: שנה (shana); Form: Noun, feminine singular; Translation: “years”; Notes: Completes the numerical duration.