וַיֵּלְכוּ֙ חֲמֵ֣שֶׁת הָאֲנָשִׁ֔ים וַיָּבֹ֖אוּ לָ֑יְשָׁה וַיִּרְא֣וּ אֶת־הָעָ֣ם אֲשֶׁר־בְּקִרְבָּ֣הּ יֹושֶֽׁבֶת־֠לָבֶטַח כְּמִשְׁפַּ֨ט צִדֹנִ֜ים שֹׁקֵ֣ט וּבֹטֵ֗חַ וְאֵין־מַכְלִ֨ים דָּבָ֤ר בָּאָ֨רֶץ֙ יֹורֵ֣שׁ עֶ֔צֶר וּרְחֹקִ֥ים הֵ֨מָּה֙ מִצִּ֣דֹנִ֔ים וְדָבָ֥ר אֵין־לָהֶ֖ם עִם־אָדָֽם׃
And the five men went and came to Layish, and they saw the people that were in its midst, dwelling securely after the manner of the Tsidonim, quiet and unsuspecting, and there was no one imposing restraint in the land, possessing authority, and they were far from the Tsidonim, and they had no dealings with any man.
Morphology
- וַיֵּלְכוּ֙ (vayyeleku) – Root: הלך (halakh); Form: Qal wayyiqtol (consecutive imperfect) 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “And they went”; Notes: Narrative continuation.
- חֲמֵ֣שֶׁת (ḥameshet) – Root: חמש (ḥamesh); Form: Noun, masculine singular construct; Translation: “five”; Notes: Modifies “men.”
- הָאֲנָשִׁ֔ים (ha-anashim) – Root: איש (ʾish); Form: Noun, masculine plural with definite article; Translation: “the men”; Notes: Subject of the verb.
- וַיָּבֹ֖אוּ (vayyavoʾu) – Root: בוא (bo); Form: Qal wayyiqtol (consecutive imperfect) 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “and they came”; Notes: Narrative progression.
- לָ֑יְשָׁה (Layishah) – Root: ליש (Layish); Form: Proper noun, feminine singular; Translation: “Layish”; Notes: Name of a city.
- וַיִּרְא֣וּ (vayyirʾu) – Root: ראה (raʾah); Form: Qal wayyiqtol (consecutive imperfect) 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “and they saw”; Notes: Action of observing.
- אֶת־הָעָ֣ם (et-haʿam) – Root: עם (ʿam); Form: Noun, masculine singular with definite article; Translation: “the people”; Notes: Direct object.
- אֲשֶׁר־בְּקִרְבָּ֣הּ (asher-beqirbah) – Root: קרב (qarav); Form: Preposition + noun, feminine singular construct with 3rd person feminine singular suffix; Translation: “that were in its midst”; Notes: Relative clause.
- יֹושֶֽׁבֶת־לָבֶטַח (yoshevet-lavetaḥ) – Root: ישב (yashav); Form: Qal participle feminine singular; Translation: “dwelling securely”; Notes: Describes the people.
- כְּמִשְׁפַּ֨ט (kemishpat) – Root: משפט (mishpat); Form: Noun, masculine singular construct with preposition; Translation: “after the manner of”; Notes: Customary behavior.
- צִדֹנִ֜ים (Tsidonim) – Root: צידון (Tsidon); Form: Proper noun, masculine plural; Translation: “the Tsidonim”; Notes: Refers to the people of Tsidon.
- שֹׁקֵ֣ט (shoqet) – Root: שקט (shaqat); Form: Qal participle masculine singular; Translation: “quiet”; Notes: Describes the people’s disposition.
- וּבֹטֵ֗חַ (uvoteaḥ) – Root: בטח (bataḥ); Form: Qal participle masculine singular; Translation: “and unsuspecting”; Notes: Additional description.
- וְאֵין־מַכְלִ֨ים (ve-ein makhlim) – Root: כלם (kalam); Form: Negative particle + Hifil participle masculine plural; Translation: “and there was no one imposing”; Notes: Denotes absence of restraint.
- דָּבָ֤ר (davar) – Root: דבר (davar); Form: Noun, masculine singular; Translation: “a thing”; Notes: Object of the verb.
- בָּאָ֨רֶץ֙ (ba-aretz) – Root: ארץ (ʾerets); Form: Noun, feminine singular with definite article; Translation: “in the land”; Notes: Specifies location.
- יֹורֵ֣שׁ (yores) – Root: ירש (yarash); Form: Qal participle masculine singular; Translation: “possessing”; Notes: Describes authority.
- עֶ֔צֶר (etser) – Root: עצר (ʿatsar); Form: Noun, masculine singular; Translation: “restraint”; Notes: Denotes authority.
- וּרְחֹקִ֥ים (urḥoqim) – Root: רחק (raḥaq); Form: Qal participle masculine plural; Translation: “and they were far”; Notes: Indicates distance.
- מִצִּ֣דֹנִ֔ים (mi-tsidonim) – Root: צידון (Tsidon); Form: Proper noun, masculine plural with preposition; Translation: “from the Tsidonim”; Notes: Shows separation.
- וְדָבָ֥ר (vedavar) – Root: דבר (davar); Form: Noun, masculine singular; Translation: “and a thing”; Notes: Repeated for emphasis.
- אֵין־לָהֶ֖ם (ein lahem) – Root: אין (ein); Form: Negative particle + prepositional pronoun; Translation: “they had no”; Notes: Negation of possession.
- עִם־אָדָֽם׃ (im-adam) – Root: אדם (adam); Form: Preposition + noun, masculine singular; Translation: “with any man”; Notes: Indicates isolation.