Judges 6:3

וְהָיָ֖ה אִם־זָרַ֣ע יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וְעָלָ֨ה מִדְיָ֧ן וַֽעֲמָלֵ֛ק וּבְנֵי־קֶ֖דֶם וְעָל֥וּ עָלָֽיו׃

And it was, when Yisraʾel had sown, that Midyan, and ʿAmaleq, and the sons of the East would come up and rise against them.

Morphology

1. וְהָיָ֖ה (ve-hayah) – Root: היה (hayah); Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular with vav-consecutive; Translation: “And it was”; Notes: Introduces a recurring event.
2. אִם־ (im) – Root: אם (im); Form: Conditional particle; Translation: “when”; Notes: Marks a conditional clause.
3. זָרַ֣ע (zaraʿ) – Root: זרע (zaraʿ); Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “had sown”; Notes: Refers to planting crops.
4. יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל (Yisraʾel) – Root: ישראל (Yisraʾel); Form: Proper noun; Translation: “Yisraʾel”; Notes: Refers to the Israelites.
5. וְעָלָ֨ה (ve-ʿalah) – Root: עלה (ʿalah); Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular with vav-consecutive; Translation: “and would come up”; Notes: Refers to the rising aggression of enemies.
6. מִדְיָ֧ן (Midyan) – Root: מדין (Midyan); Form: Proper noun; Translation: “Midyan”; Notes: One of Yisraʾel’s oppressors.
7. וַֽעֲמָלֵ֛ק (va-ʿAmaleq) – Root: עמלק (ʿAmaleq); Form: Proper noun; Translation: “Amaleq”; Notes: A hostile nation.
8. וּבְנֵי־קֶ֖דֶם (u-vnei-qedem) – Root: בן (ben) + קדם (Qedem); Form: Noun, masculine plural construct; Translation: “and the sons of the East”; Notes: Refers to nomadic tribes from the east.
9. וְעָל֥וּ (ve-ʿalu) – Root: עלה (ʿalah); Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine plural with vav-consecutive; Translation: “and they would rise”; Notes: Indicates an attack.
10. עָלָֽיו׃ (ʿalav) – Root: על (ʿal); Form: Preposition with 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “against them”; Notes: Refers to Yisraʾel as the target.