וַתֹּ֤אמֶר לָהֶם֙ הַגֶּ֔פֶן הֶחֳדַ֨לְתִּי֙ אֶת־תִּ֣ירֹושִׁ֔י הַֽמְשַׂמֵּ֥חַ אֱלֹהִ֖ים וַאֲנָשִׁ֑ים וְהָ֣לַכְתִּ֔י לָנ֖וּעַ עַל־הָעֵצִֽים׃
And the vine said to them, ‘Shall I cease my new wine, which gladdens God and men, and shall I go to sway over the trees?’
Morphology
- וַתֹּ֤אמֶר (vattomer) – Root: אמר (ʾamar); Form: Qal wayyiqtol (sequential imperfect) 3rd person feminine singular; Translation: “And she said”; Notes: Refers to the vine speaking.
- לָהֶם֙ (lahem) – Root: ל (l-); Form: Preposition with 3rd person masculine plural suffix; Translation: “to them”; Notes: Refers to the trees.
- הַגֶּ֔פֶן (ha-gefen) – Root: גפן (gefen); Form: Noun, feminine singular definite; Translation: “the vine”; Notes: Subject of the sentence.
- הֶחֳדַ֨לְתִּי֙ (heḥodalti) – Root: חדל (ḥadal); Form: Qal perfect 1st person singular; Translation: “Shall I cease”; Notes: Expresses a rhetorical question.
- אֶת־תִּ֣ירֹושִׁ֔י (et-tiroshi) – Root: תירוש (tirosh); Form: Noun, masculine singular construct with 1st person singular suffix; Translation: “my new wine”; Notes: Refers to the fresh produce of the vine.
- הַֽמְשַׂמֵּ֥חַ (ha-mesammeaḥ) – Root: שמח (sameaḥ); Form: Piel participle masculine singular definite; Translation: “which gladdens”; Notes: Describes the effect of the wine.
- אֱלֹהִ֖ים (Elohim) – Root: אלהים (ʾElohim); Form: Noun, masculine plural; Translation: “God”; Notes: Subject of the joy.
- וַאֲנָשִׁ֑ים (vaʾanashim) – Root: אנש (ʾenosh); Form: Noun, masculine plural; Translation: “and men”; Notes: Additional recipients of joy.
- וְהָ֣לַכְתִּ֔י (vehalakhti) – Root: הלך (halakh); Form: Qal perfect 1st person singular; Translation: “and shall I go”; Notes: Expresses reluctance.
- לָנ֖וּעַ (lanuʿa) – Root: נוע (nuʿa); Form: Qal infinitive construct with preposition; Translation: “to sway”; Notes: Indicates unstable movement.
- עַל־הָעֵצִֽים׃ (ʿal-haʿetsim) – Root: עץ (ʿets); Form: Noun, masculine plural definite with preposition; Translation: “over the trees”; Notes: Refers to the position of rulership.