עָבְשׁ֣וּ פְרֻדֹ֗ות תַּ֚חַת מֶגְרְפֹ֣תֵיהֶ֔ם נָשַׁ֨מּוּ֙ אֹֽצָרֹ֔ות נֶהֶרְס֖וּ מַמְּגֻרֹ֑ות כִּ֥י הֹבִ֖ישׁ דָּגָֽן׃
The seeds have shriveled under their clods; the storehouses are desolate, the granaries are broken down, for the grain has dried up.
Morphology
- עָבְשׁוּ (ʿavshu) – Root: עבשׁ; Form: Qal perfect 3rd person common plural; Translation: “have shriveled,” “have rotted”; Notes: Describes decay or mold; the seeds have perished from drought or infestation.
- פְרֻדֹות (perudot) – Root: פרד; Form: Noun feminine plural; Translation: “seeds,” “grain pieces”; Notes: Possibly referring to scattered kernels or fragments of grain left in the soil.
- תַּחַת (taḥat) – Root: תחת; Form: Preposition; Translation: “under”; Notes: Expresses location beneath the clods or soil lumps.
- מֶגְרְפֹתֵיהֶם (megrefoteyhem) – Root: מגרף; Form: Noun feminine plural construct + suffix 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “their clods,” “their furrows”; Notes: May refer to lumps of soil or the farmers’ tools; contextually, the hardened earth covering the rotting seeds.
- נָשַׁמּוּ (nashammu) – Root: שׁמם; Form: Niphal perfect 3rd person common plural; Translation: “are desolate,” “are laid waste”; Notes: Describes utter emptiness or devastation of the storehouses.
- אֹצָרוֹת (otsarot) – Root: אצר; Form: Noun masculine plural; Translation: “storehouses”; Notes: Places where grain was stored; now barren due to famine.
- נֶהֶרְסוּ (neheresu) – Root: הרס; Form: Niphal perfect 3rd person common plural; Translation: “are broken down,” “have been ruined”; Notes: Passive sense, referring to granaries collapsing from neglect or emptiness.
- מַמְּגֻרוֹת (mammegurot) – Root: מגר; Form: Noun feminine plural; Translation: “granaries,” “store-rooms”; Notes: Related to root meaning “to collect” or “heap up”; another term for storage facilities now destroyed.
- כִּי (ki) – Root: כי; Form: Conjunction; Translation: “for,” “because”; Notes: Introduces the reason for the desolation described.
- הֹבִישׁ (hovish) – Root: יבשׁ; Form: Hiphil perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “has dried up,” “has withered”; Notes: Indicates causative sense—“has caused to wither,” referring to the grain losing life due to drought.
- דָּגָן (dagan) – Root: דגן; Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “grain”; Notes: General term for cereal crops such as wheat and barley, symbolizing the nation’s sustenance now lost.