כֶּ֣סֶף מְרֻקָּ֞ע מִתַּרְשִׁ֣ישׁ יוּבָ֗א וְזָהָב֙ מֵֽאוּפָ֔ז מַעֲשֵׂ֥ה חָרָ֖שׁ וִידֵ֣י צֹורֵ֑ף תְּכֵ֤לֶת וְאַרְגָּמָן֙ לְבוּשָׁ֔ם מַעֲשֵׂ֥ה חֲכָמִ֖ים כֻּלָּֽם׃
Beaten silver is brought from Tarshish, and gold from Uphaz—the work of a craftsman and of the hands of a goldsmith. Blue and purple are their clothing, all of them the work of wise men.
Morphology
- כֶּ֣סֶף (kesef) – Root: כסף (kesef); Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “silver”; Notes: Refers to the precious metal used in idol construction.
- מְרֻקָּ֞ע (meruqqaʿ) – Root: רקע (raqaʿ); Form: Pual participle masculine singular; Translation: “beaten” / “hammered”; Notes: Describes silver that has been worked into form by pounding.
- מִתַּרְשִׁ֣ישׁ (mi-Tarshish) – Root: תרשיש (Tarshish); Form: Preposition מִן + proper noun; Translation: “from Tarshish”; Notes: An ancient trading port known for supplying metals.
- יוּבָ֗א (yuvaʾ) – Root: בוא (boʾ); Form: Hofal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “is brought”; Notes: Passive form, indicating the importation of materials.
- וְזָהָב֙ (ve-zahav) – Root: זהב (zahav); Form: Conjunction וְ + noun masculine singular; Translation: “and gold”; Notes: Parallels silver in highlighting wealth.
- מֵאוּפָ֔ז (me-Uphaz) – Root: אופז (Uphaz); Form: Preposition מִן + proper noun; Translation: “from Uphaz”; Notes: A location known for fine gold, possibly in Arabia or India.
- מַעֲשֵׂ֥ה (maʿaseh) – Root: עשה (ʿasah); Form: Noun masculine singular construct; Translation: “the work of”; Notes: Introduces the artisan responsible for shaping the idol.
- חָרָ֖שׁ (ḥarash) – Root: חרשׁ (ḥarash); Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “a craftsman”; Notes: Refers to a skilled artisan or engraver.
- וִידֵ֣י (vi-yedei) – Root: יד (yad); Form: Conjunction וְ + noun masculine plural construct; Translation: “and the hands of”; Notes: Emphasizes manual labor involved in idol construction.
- צֹורֵ֑ף (tzoref) – Root: צרף (tsaraf); Form: Qal active participle masculine singular; Translation: “a goldsmith”; Notes: One who melts or refines metal, especially gold.
- תְּכֵ֤לֶת (tekhelet) – Root: תכל (tekhēlet); Form: Noun feminine singular; Translation: “blue”; Notes: A precious blue dye used in garments and sacred contexts.
- וְאַרְגָּמָן֙ (ve-argaman) – Root: ארגמן (argaman); Form: Conjunction וְ + noun masculine singular; Translation: “and purple”; Notes: Another luxury dye, often royal or priestly in association.
- לְבוּשָׁ֔ם (levusham) – Root: לבש (lavash); Form: Noun masculine singular + 3rd person masculine plural suffix; Translation: “their clothing”; Notes: Describes the attire given to the idols.
- מַעֲשֵׂ֥ה (maʿaseh) – Root: עשה (ʿasah); Form: Noun masculine singular construct; Translation: “the work of”; Notes: Repetition emphasizes human craftsmanship.
- חֲכָמִ֖ים (ḥakhamim) – Root: חכם (ḥakham); Form: Adjective masculine plural; Translation: “wise men”; Notes: Refers to skilled artisans, not necessarily wise in the moral sense.
- כֻּלָּֽם (kullam) – Root: כל (kol); Form: Noun masculine singular with 3rd person masculine plural suffix; Translation: “all of them”; Notes: Summarizes the idol ensemble as entirely human-made.