כֹּ֣ה אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֗ה אָר֤וּר הַגֶּ֨בֶר֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר יִבְטַ֣ח בָּֽאָדָ֔ם וְשָׂ֥ם בָּשָׂ֖ר זְרֹעֹ֑ו וּמִן־יְהוָ֖ה יָס֥וּר לִבֹּֽו׃
Thus said YHWH: “Cursed is the man who trusts in humankind and makes flesh his arm, and whose heart turns away from YHWH.
Morphology
- כֹּ֣ה (koh) – Root: כה; Form: Demonstrative adverb; Translation: “Thus”; Notes: Standard prophetic formula introducing divine speech.
- אָמַ֣ר (ʾamar) – Root: אמר; Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “said”; Notes: Used frequently in prophetic proclamations.
- יְהוָ֗ה (YHWH) – Root: יהוה; Form: Proper noun, masculine singular; Translation: “YHWH”; Notes: The divine name of the God of Yisraʾel.
- אָר֤וּר (ʾarur) – Root: ארר; Form: Qal passive participle masculine singular; Translation: “Cursed”; Notes: Pronounces divine judgment upon the subject that follows.
- הַגֶּ֨בֶר (ha-gever) – Root: גבר; Form: Definite noun masculine singular; Translation: “the man”; Notes: Refers to an individual, often used in formal or poetic contexts.
- אֲשֶׁ֣ר (asher) – Root: אשר; Form: Relative pronoun; Translation: “who”; Notes: Introduces the relative clause modifying “the man.”
- יִבְטַ֣ח (yivtaḥ) – Root: בטח; Form: Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “trusts”; Notes: Indicates continuous or habitual action.
- בָּֽאָדָ֔ם (ba-ʾadam) – Root: אדם; Form: Preposition בְּ + definite noun masculine singular; Translation: “in humankind”; Notes: Refers to mortal man as opposed to divine trust.
- וְשָׂ֥ם (ve-sam) – Root: שׂים; Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular with conjunction; Translation: “and makes”; Notes: Coordinated with the previous verb, adding consequence or further explanation.
- בָּשָׂ֖ר (basar) – Root: בשר; Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “flesh”; Notes: Symbolic of mortal strength, perishable and unreliable.
- זְרֹעֹ֑ו (zeroʿo) – Root: זרע; Form: Noun feminine singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “his arm”; Notes: The “arm” symbolizes strength or support.
- וּמִן־יְהוָ֖ה (u-min-YHWH) – Root: מן + יהוה; Form: Conjunction + preposition + proper noun; Translation: “and from YHWH”; Notes: Marks the contrast between divine trust and human reliance.
- יָס֥וּר (yasur) – Root: סור; Form: Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “turns away”; Notes: Indicates deviation or apostasy.
- לִבֹּֽו (libbo) – Root: לב; Form: Noun masculine singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “his heart”; Notes: The inner self or will—its turning from YHWH reflects deep spiritual defection.