וְאַתָּה֙ תִּנָּבֵ֣א אֲלֵיהֶ֔ם אֵ֥ת כָּל־הַדְּבָרִ֖ים הָאֵ֑לֶּה וְאָמַרְתָּ֣ אֲלֵיהֶ֗ם יְהוָ֞ה מִמָּרֹ֤ום יִשְׁאָג֙ וּמִמְּעֹ֤ון קָדְשֹׁו֙ יִתֵּ֣ן קֹולֹ֔ו שָׁאֹ֤ג יִשְׁאַג֙ עַל־נָוֵ֔הוּ הֵידָד֙ כְּדֹרְכִ֣ים יַֽעֲנֶ֔ה אֶ֥ל כָּל־יֹשְׁבֵ֖י הָאָֽרֶץ׃
“And you shall prophesy to them all these words, and you shall say to them: ‘YHWH shall roar from on high, and from His holy habitation He shall give His voice. He shall roar, He shall shout over His pasture. A shout like those who tread grapes shall He respond with, against all the inhabitants of the land.
Morphology
- וְאַתָּה (ve-atah) – Root: Pronoun; Form: 2nd person masculine singular; Translation: “And you”; Notes: Subject of the instruction directed to the prophet.
- תִּנָּבֵא (tinnave) – Root: נבא (n-b-ʾ); Form: Nifal imperfect 2nd person masculine singular; Translation: “you shall prophesy”; Notes: Instruction to declare divine words publicly.
- אֲלֵיהֶם (aleihem) – Root: אל (ʾel); Form: Preposition with 3rd person masculine plural suffix; Translation: “to them”; Notes: Refers to the people being addressed.
- אֵת (et) – Root: את; Form: Direct object marker; Translation: [no English equivalent]; Notes: Introduces a definite direct object.
- כָּל־הַדְּבָרִים (kol-ha-devarim) – Root: דבר (davar); Form: Construct noun phrase with definite plural noun; Translation: “all the words”; Notes: Refers to the prophetic content given by YHWH.
- הָאֵלֶּה (ha-elleh) – Root: אלה; Form: Demonstrative adjective, masculine plural; Translation: “these”; Notes: Specifies which words to prophesy.
- וְאָמַרְתָּ (ve-amarta) – Root: אמר (ʾamar); Form: Qal perfect 2nd person masculine singular with conjunction; Translation: “and you shall say”; Notes: Common narrative marker of speech in prophetic discourse.
- אֲלֵיהֶם (aleihem) – Root: אל (ʾel); Form: Preposition with 3rd person masculine plural suffix; Translation: “to them”; Notes: Repeated preposition links speaker and audience.
- יְהוָה (YHWH) – Root: Divine name; Form: Proper noun; Translation: “YHWH”; Notes: The personal name of the God of Yisraʾel.
- מִמָּרֹום (mi-marom) – Root: רום (rum); Form: Preposition + noun masculine singular; Translation: “from on high”; Notes: Refers to the heavenly realm or divine vantage point.
- יִשְׁאָג (yishʾag) – Root: שאג (shaʾag); Form: Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “He shall roar”; Notes: Often used to describe lion-like divine wrath.
- וּמִמְּעֹון (u-mi-meʿon) – Root: עון (maʿon); Form: Preposition + noun masculine singular; Translation: “and from the habitation”; Notes: Refers to YHWH’s heavenly dwelling or temple.
- קָדְשֹׁו (qodsho) – Root: קדש (qodesh); Form: Noun masculine singular + 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “His holiness”; Notes: Possessive form referring to His sacred dwelling.
- יִתֵּן (yitten) – Root: נתן (natan); Form: Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “He shall give”; Notes: Describes YHWH producing His voice.
- קֹולֹו (qolo) – Root: קול (qol); Form: Noun masculine singular + 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “His voice”; Notes: Represents divine utterance.
- שָׁאֹג (shaʾog) – Root: שאג (shaʾag); Form: Infinitive absolute; Translation: “Roaring”; Notes: Reinforces the following verb for emphasis.
- יִשְׁאַג (yishʾag) – Root: שאג (shaʾag); Form: Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “He shall roar”; Notes: Intensified by preceding infinitive absolute.
- עַל־נָוֵהוּ (ʿal-nawehu) – Root: נוה (navah); Form: Preposition + noun masculine singular + 3rd person masculine singular suffix; Translation: “over His pasture”; Notes: Metaphor for His people or land.
- הֵידָד (heidad) – Root: Onomatopoetic shout; Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “a shout”; Notes: Cry of warriors or grape treaders; a sound of chaos or judgment.
- כְּדֹרְכִים (ke-dorʾkhim) – Root: דרך (darakh); Form: Preposition כְּ + Qal participle masculine plural; Translation: “like those who tread”; Notes: Refers to those who tread grapes in a winepress.
- יַעֲנֶה (yaʿaneh) – Root: ענה (ʿanah); Form: Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “He shall answer” or “respond”; Notes: Refers to the divine voice thundering back.
- אֶל (el) – Root: אל; Form: Preposition; Translation: “to” or “against”; Notes: Here denotes direction of divine response.
- כָּל־יֹשְׁבֵי (kol-yoshvei) – Root: ישׁב (yashav); Form: Construct noun phrase; Translation: “all the inhabitants of”; Notes: Participial form in construct with “land.”
- הָאָרֶץ (ha-aretz) – Root: ארץ (ʾaretz); Form: Definite noun feminine singular; Translation: “the land”; Notes: Can denote the entire earth or specific territory of Yisraʾel.