בָּ֤א שָׁאֹון֙ עַד־קְצֵ֣ה הָאָ֔רֶץ כִּ֣י רִ֤יב לַֽיהוָה֙ בַּגֹּויִ֔ם נִשְׁפָּ֥ט ה֖וּא לְכָל־בָּשָׂ֑ר הָרְשָׁעִ֛ים נְתָנָ֥ם לַחֶ֖רֶב נְאֻם־יְהוָֽה׃ ס
‘A noise has come to the end of the earth, for YHWH has a dispute with the nations. He enters into judgment with all flesh. The wicked, He has given them to the sword,’ declares YHWH.”
Morphology
- בָּא (ba) – Root: בוא (bo); Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “has come”; Notes: Refers to an event already initiated.
- שָׁאֹון (shaʾon) – Root: שׁאון (shaʾon); Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “a noise” or “uproar”; Notes: Often associated with tumult or judgment.
- עַד־קְצֵה (ʿad-qetseh) – Root: קצה (qatseh); Form: Preposition + construct noun masculine singular; Translation: “to the end of”; Notes: Spatial limit expression.
- הָאָרֶץ (ha-aretz) – Root: ארץ (ʾaretz); Form: Definite noun feminine singular; Translation: “the earth”; Notes: Refers to the whole land or inhabited world.
- כִּי (ki) – Root: כי; Form: Conjunction; Translation: “for”; Notes: Introduces a causal explanation.
- רִיב (riv) – Root: ריב (riv); Form: Noun masculine singular; Translation: “a dispute” or “lawsuit”; Notes: Legal or covenantal contention.
- לַיהוָה (la-YHWH) – Root: Divine name; Form: Preposition + proper noun; Translation: “belongs to YHWH”; Notes: Indicates divine ownership of the dispute.
- בַּגֹּויִם (ba-goyim) – Root: גוי (goy); Form: Preposition בְּ + definite plural noun; Translation: “among the nations”; Notes: Refers to Gentile peoples.
- נִשְׁפָּט (nishpat) – Root: שׁפט (shafat); Form: Nifal perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “He has entered into judgment”; Notes: Passive-reflexive form.
- הוּא (hu) – Root: Pronoun; Form: 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “He”; Notes: Emphatic subject referring to YHWH.
- לְכָל־בָּשָׂר (le-kol-basar) – Root: בשר (basar); Form: Preposition + quantifier + noun masculine singular; Translation: “with all flesh”; Notes: Refers to all humanity.
- הָרְשָׁעִים (ha-reshaʿim) – Root: רשע (rashaʿ); Form: Definite plural noun masculine; Translation: “the wicked”; Notes: Denotes morally culpable individuals.
- נְתָנָם (netanam) – Root: נתן (natan); Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular + 3rd person masculine plural suffix; Translation: “He has given them”; Notes: YHWH is the implied subject.
- לַחֶרֶב (la-ḥerev) – Root: חרב (ḥerev); Form: Preposition + definite noun feminine singular; Translation: “to the sword”; Notes: Symbol of death and war.
- נְאֻם־יְהוָה (neʾum-YHWH) – Root: נאם (naʾam); Form: Noun construct + divine name; Translation: “declares YHWH”; Notes: Prophetic formula affirming divine speech.
- ס (samekh) – Form: Masoretic notation; Translation: [no translation]; Notes: Indicates a closed paragraph (setumah) in the Masoretic Text.